Chapter 6 Flashcards
attachment?
enduring emotional bond between one animal or person and another
Separation anxiety
behaviors such as thrashing about, fussing, crying, screeching, or whining when contact with the caregiver is lost
Psychoanalytic theory: attachment
explains attachment as a result of oral gratification
Learning theories in terms of attachment
explain attachment as a consequence of being provided with care
Cognitive Theory: attachment
explains attachment as biological need that is formed to guarantee survival
who notes that attachment is an inborn or instinctive response to a specific stimulus
Ethologists
Attachment Theory
John Bowlby proposed this theory and it explains how and why a newborn becomes so emotionally connected with its mother
4 stages of the Attachment Theory
- Pre-attachment (newborn -6 weeks)
- Attachment on making (6 weeks-6-8 months )
- Clear-cut Attachment (6-8 - 18-24 months)
4.Formation of Reciprocal relationships 24 months +
Internal Working Model
- a set of expectations and beliefs about the self, others, and the relationship between them
Patterns of Attachment x5
-Stranger-situation method
-Secure attachment
-Avoidant attachment ( least distressed by parent’s departure)
-Anxious-ambivalent attachment
-Disorganized-disoriented attachment
Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment
Babies are most emotional, show severe signs of distress when parents leave
Disorganized-Disoriented Attachment
babies seem dazed, confused, disoriented, behaviors are contradictory ie. moving towards parents while looking away from them
Prototype hypothesis
the belief that the initial relationship between the caregiver and child serves as the foundations of all other relationships
Primary Categories of Child Maltreatment
mainly neglect and intimate partner violence
Consequences of Child Abuse
Physical consequences, emotional effect, trust issues, relationship difficulties, low self esteem, substance abuse etc.
Autism spectrum disorder
-impairment in communication skills and social interactions
- x5 more prevalent in boys
-speech development delays
social referencing
infants using caregiver’s facial expressions or tone of voice as clues on how to respond
-requires looking at another, associating that individual emotional response with the unfamiliar situation , and regulating their own emotion response in accord with the parents voice.
Temperament
stable way of reacting and adapting to the world that is present.
types of temperament
easy vs slow to warm up vs difficult
easy child
cheerful, regular sleep and feeding schedules, adapts to change
difficult child
irregular sleep and feeding schedules, slow to accept people and situations, tantrums
