Chapter 5 Flashcards
The Sensorimotor Stage
-first 2 years of cognitive development
-move from reflexes or ready-made schemes to goal-orientated behavior
-there is 6 sub-stages
Sub stage 1: Simple Reflexes
grasping, looking, sucking
Sub Stage 2: Primary Circular Reactions
repeat movements. sucking thumb by accident and doing it on purpose later. (1-4months)
Sub Stage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions
focus shifts off of their own body, but instead the environment. (4-8 months)
finds out the rattle toy makes a noise and decides to rattle it.
Sub-Stage 4: Coordination of Secondary Schemas
Coordinate schemas to obtain goals.
like getting a toy that is under a blanket.
Sub-Stage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions
purposeful adaptations “little scientist” (12-18months)
drops a toy from the top of the stairs and observes the sound and action of the toy
Sub-Stage 6: Invention of New Means through Mental Combinations
devise a plan of action (18-24 months)
-a child might see a toy on a high shelf and realize they can use a nearby stool to reach it
Object Permanence
is developed at 6 months of age and it is where the child can recognize that an object or person still exists outside of sight
when does memory improve?
2-6 months
sidenote: An imitation reflex is apparent soon after
birth due to mirror neurons.
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
a scale that ranks the infants’ intelligence and infant development
Babbling
6-9 months
Is a combination of consonants and vowels repeated
Echolalia
10-12 months
-infants repeat syllables
Intonation
end of 1st year, use of patterns that rise and fall, resembles adult speech
Receptive vocabulary
words children understand
Expressive vocabulary
Words child can use
Referential Language Style
children use language to label objects in their environment
Expressive Language Style
Children use language to engage in social interactions; they use more pronouns and words used in social routines
Holophrases
single words that re used to express complex meanings
Telegraphic speech
brief expressions that have meanings of sentences
ie. “My shoe” not “shoe my”
Indicators for atypical speech and language development
- Doesn’t smile or interact with others (birth–3 months)
- Doesn’t babble (4–7 months)
- Makes few sounds (7–12 months)
- Does not use gestures (e.g., waving, pointing) (7–12 months)
- Doesn’t understand what others say (7 months–2 years)
- Says only a few words (12–18 months)
- Doesn’t put words together to make sentences (1.5–2 years)
- Says fewer than 50 words (2 years)
