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Ch 1-6 Human Development > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

heredity

A

transmission of biological processes from one generation to another

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2
Q

Epigenetics

A

Heritable variations in gene expression that do not involve DNA sequence changes

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3
Q

Chromosomes

A

-thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins
-Organizes and packages DNA during cell division

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4
Q

Gene

A

-a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein of RNA
-contains instructions for building proteins or RNA
-each chromosome contains thousands of genes

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5
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Abnormalities in the 22 pairs of autosomes

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6
Q

XYY syndrome

A

Abnormalities in sex chromosomes

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7
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

transmitted recessive gene that is a genetic abnormality

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8
Q

Huntington Disease

A

a fatal and progressive genetic abnormality. symptoms include uncontrollable muscle movements, loss of intellectual functioning and personality change

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9
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

genetic abnormality that 5% of the world are carriers of this gene. it impairs cognitive skills, blindness; heart and liver failure.

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10
Q

Tay-Sachs Disease

A

a genetic abnormality caused by a recessive gene. causes central nervous system to degenerate, resulting in death

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11
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

genetic abnormality that children suffer from excessive production of thick mucus that clogs the pancreas and lungs

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12
Q

Hemophelia

A

a genetic disorder in which blood does not clot properly; on x chromosome

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13
Q
A
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

4 Prenatal Tests

A

Amniocentesis, Chorionic Villus Sampling, Ultrasound, Blood Tests

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15
Q

Genotypes

A

Sets of traits we inherit from our parents

16
Q

Phenotypes

A

actual set of traits; develop because of both genetic and environmental influences

17
Q

What relationships have 50% genetic overlap

A
  1. parents with their children
  2. siblings
18
Q

Monozygotic

A

Identical twins where the zygote divides into two cells that separate.

19
Q

Dizygotic

A

Fraternal twins: two ova are produced and are fertilized by a different sperm cells

20
Q

Reasons for Male Infertility

A

-low sperm count
-diabetes
-STI’s
-overheating of the testes
-aging
-deformity of sperm

21
Q

Reasons for Female Infertility

A

-irregular or lack of ovulation
-infections can scar fallopian tubes
-endometriosis (obstructs fallopian tubes; uterus lining is backed up into abdomen and causes pain

22
Q

Fertility Treatments

A

-Assisted Reproductive Technology
-artificial insemination
-IVF
donor IVF

23
Q

when is the Germinal Stage

A

0-2 weeks

24
Q

what happens in the Germinal Stage

A

-fertilization
-formation of the blastocyst
-implantation

24
Q

when is the Embryonic Stage

A

3-8 weeks

25
Q

what happens in the Embryonic Stage

A

-formation of the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm
-formation of major organs

26
Q

when is the fetal stage

A

9-40 weeks

27
Q

what is the Fetal Stage

A

-sexual differentiation
-rapid growth of fetus
-strengthening of organs
-fetus begins to sense sound and light at 13 weeks

28
Q

cephalocaudal

A

develops from head to tail

29
Q

proximodistal

A

develops from near to far trends

30
Q

ectoderm

A

-outer-layer of cells develops into nervous system, sensory organs, nails, hair, outer layer of skin

31
Q

neural tube

A

Develops at 21 days and is two ridges appear in embryo and fold

32
Q

endoderm

A

inner layer of embryo that forms digestive and respiratory system, liver and pancreas

33
Q

mesoderm

A

Middle layer of cells develops into excretory, reproductive and circulatory system, muscles and skeleton and the inner layer of skin

34
Q

The Amniotic Sac

A

It surrounds the fetus and had amniotic fluid surrounding the sac which acts as a airbag, protecting it

35
Q

KNOW THE CHART

A

Ch 1-6 Human Development (6 decks)

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