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MAA > CHAPTER 6 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 6 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of body structures and their locations

A

anatomy

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2
Q

the study of the functions of the body

A

physiology

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3
Q

functions are studied according to the ( blank ) systems and the related (blank) that together accomplish functions necessary to maintain life

A

body, organs

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4
Q

matter is composed of atoms, atoms combine to form molecules

A

chemical

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5
Q

the smallest unit of a structure

A

cell

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6
Q

group of cells similar in structure and function

A

tissue

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7
Q

two or more tissue types performing a specific function

A

organ

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8
Q

group of organs acting together to perform specific function

A

organ system / body system

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9
Q

free-floating organelle that makes enzymes and proteins. Contains ribonucleic acid (RNA). Considered the cell’s “protein factories”.

A

ribosome

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10
Q

organelle that is a network of membranes and connects to the nucleus. Ribosomes are attached, causing the appearance. Involved with making protein.

A

Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

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11
Q

tubelike organelle; role differs based on the type of cell. Roles may include storing calcium and making steroids and lipids.

A

smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

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12
Q

organelle that processes and packages the proteins and lipids made by the cell. Considered to be the cell’s processing plant

A

golgi apparatus

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13
Q

organelles that contain enzymes and are involved with digesting nutrients and other substances in the cell. Considered to be the cell’s waste collectors

A

lysosomes

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14
Q

organelle that produces the energy for the cell. Called the cell’s power plant

A

mitochondrion

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15
Q

control center of the cell; contains chromosomes that are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, which carries genetic information.

A

nucleus

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16
Q

inside of the nucleus; produces ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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17
Q

tubelike structures that help with cell division and the formation of the spindle fibers (a type of microtubule). Cells can also have extensions or projections on the surface, including cilia, microvilli, and flagellum

A

centrioles

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18
Q

fine, hairlike extensions on the surface of the cell. Used to direct surroundings or chemicals

A

cilia

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19
Q

small projections on the surface of the cell. This increases the surface area, which allows for additional absorption

A

microvilli

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20
Q

single long hairlike extension on the surface of the cell. Used to propel or move cell.

A

flagellum

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21
Q

the membrane around the nucleus starts to break down. Centrioles produce spindle fibers and start to move toward opposite sides of the cell.

A

prophase

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22
Q

Each pair of chromatids lines up, and each chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber

A

metaphase

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23
Q

Four categories of tissues in the body:

A

muscle, connective, epithelial, nervous

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24
Q

cell mass together in bones, ligaments, cartilage

A

connective tissue

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25
Q

covers the body, forms glands and lines the surface cavities and organs

A

epithelial tissue

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26
Q

formed by muscle cells

A

muscle tissue

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27
Q

Three principle elements make up medical terms:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. roots and combining forms
  2. prefixes
  3. suffixes
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28
Q

Part of the medical term that gives the main meaning. It usually refers to a structure and/or function of the body. Most often Latin or Greek in origin. All medical terms have at least one.

A

Root

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29
Q

A combining vowel, like o, is only used if the suffix begins with a..

A

consonant

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30
Q

the ( ) is always used when linking two roots, even if the second one starts with a vowel

A

combining form

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31
Q

( ) are word elements that are attached to the end of roots annd combining forms to add to or change their meaning. All medical terms have them

A

suffix

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32
Q

word elements that are attached to the beginning of roots and combining forms to change or add to their meaning. Many, but not all, medical terms have these..

A

prefix

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33
Q

anti-

A

against

34
Q

a-/an-

A

without/not

35
Q

auto-

A

self

36
Q

brady-

A

slow

37
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, painful

38
Q

epi-

A

over

39
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

40
Q

inter-

A

between

41
Q

peri-

A

around

42
Q

pre-

A

before, in front

43
Q

pseudo-

A

false

44
Q

semi-

A

half

45
Q

supra-

A

above, over

46
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

47
Q

echo

A

reflections of sounds

48
Q

cyt

A

cell

49
Q

-ia, -a

A

condition or abnormal state

50
Q

splen

A

spleen

51
Q

where is the spleen located?

A

left upper quadrant

52
Q

-pnea

A

breathing, respiration

53
Q

ilium

A

part of the hip bone

54
Q

ileum

A

part of the intestine

55
Q

plural of diagnosis

A

diagnoses

56
Q

plural of phalanx

A

phalanges

57
Q

term that is named after a person or place
EX: Alzheimer’s Disease

A

eponym

58
Q

abbreviation that is pronounceable.
EX: TURP, CABG

A

acronym

59
Q

gel-like fluid inside the cell. Organelles are suspended within

A

cytoplasm

60
Q

sites where proteins are synthesized

A

ribosomes

61
Q

where respiration takes place and energy is produced

A

mitochondrion

62
Q

cells mass together in bones, ligaments, cartilage

A

connective tissue

63
Q

covers the body, forms glands and lines the surface cavities and organs

A

epithelial tissue

64
Q

composed of neurons; found in the ears, eyes, brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Transmits communication

A

nervous tissue

65
Q

formed by muscle cells

A

muscle tissue

66
Q

List 5 body cavities..

A

cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

67
Q

The thymus gland is in which body cavity?

A

thoracic

68
Q

the urinary bladder is in which cavity?

A

pelvic

69
Q

name the four quadrants..

A

left upper, left lower, right lower, right upper

70
Q

How many abdominal regions are there?

A

9

71
Q

what is the pH needed to maintain homeostasis?

A

between 7.35 and 7.45

72
Q

what is neutral pH level

A

7

73
Q

Is alkaline or acidic lower?

A

acidic

74
Q

a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and are associated with a condition

A

syndrome

75
Q

how often the disease occurs

A

prevalence

76
Q

the cause of the disorder or disease

A

etiology

77
Q

an indicator that is observed or measured by others- objective data

A

sign

78
Q

an indicator that is only perceived by the patient- subject data

A

symptom

79
Q

Name three causes of diseases..

A

inflammatory response, immunity disorders, nutritional imbalances

80
Q

refers to how normal the malignant cells look

A

grade

MAA (23 decks)

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