Chapter 14 Flashcards
Four natural sources of drugs..
Plants, animals, minerals, microbiologic sources
Drugs used to prevent diseases
Prevention
Drugs that relieve the symptoms while the body fights off disease
Treatment
Drugs that eliminate the disease
Cure
Drugs that do not cure or treat the disease but improve the quality of life
Palliation or Palliative
Sometimes ( ) are needed to achieve the therapeutic effect
Multiple doses
The provider may prescribe a higher initial dose for some medications, called a
Loading dose
This main drug action slows down the cell’s activity
Depressing
In this drug action, substances required by the body can be given as medications
Replacing substances
Name four factors influencing drug action..
Age, sex, diseases, diet
A series of chemical processes whereby enzymes change drugs in the body
Metabolism
Most drug metabolism occurs in the( ). Blank children, blank adults, and those with blank may have problems metabolizing medications.
Liver, younger, older, liver disease
The movement of absorbed drugs from the blood to the body tissues is called
Distribution
The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body
Pharmacokinetics
BLANK is the movement of metabolites out of the body. Most drugs are excreted through the BLANK and BLANK.
Excretion, large intestine, kidneys
Fastest way drugs are absorbed
Intravenous (IV)
PO
Oral (taken by mouth)
SL
Sublingual ( placed under the tongue to dissolve)
Buccal
Place between the cheek and the gums
SUBQ or SC
Subcutaneous
Subcutaneous
Injected just below the skin; moves into the capillaries or the lymphatic vessels and is brought to the bloodstream
IV (intravenous)
Injected directly into the bloodstream
Lost four factors influencing absorption
Route, blood flow to the absorption area, conditions at the site of the absorption, ability of the medication to be absorbed
One drug reduces or blocks the effect of another drug.
Antagonism
The combined effect of two drugs used together is greater than the sum of each drug’s effect
Synergism
A type of synergism. One drug increases the effect of the second drug
Potentiation
A common adverse reaction.
A peculiar response to a certain drug. For example, when Benadryl is given to children they get extremely agitated
Idiosyncrasy
A common adverse reaction. Extreme hypersensitivity to a certain drug that can cause life-threatening symptoms, including swelling of the mouth and airway, difficulty breathing, wheezing, loss of consciousness and death
Anaphylaxis
A common adverse reaction. When meds are taken routinely and the prior dose is not completely metabolized and excreted before the next dose is given
Cumulative effect
To give a supply of medication that the patient will take later
Dispense
Who enforces the CSA (controlled substance act)?
The DEA
The DEA number is good for how many years?
3
An _____ thins bronchial secretions, making it easier to cough up the mucus
Expectorant
A ___ promotes stools
Laxative
An ____ prevents the function of platelets (formation of clots)
Anitplatelet
A ___ reduces blood clotting abilities
Anticoagulant
An ____ , such as _____ treats heart arrhythmias
Antiarrhythmic, digoxin
Side effects of an NSAID
GI intolerance, ringing in the ear
Conditions or diseases for which the drug is used
Indications
Reasons or conditions that make administration of the drug improper or undesirable
Contraindications
The time it takes half the drug to be metabolized or eliminated by normal biological processes
Biological half-life
The time it takes a drug to produce a response
Onset
The time it takes for the drug to reach its greatest effective concentration in the blood
Peak
The time during which the drug is present in the blood at great enough levels to produce a response
Duration
A solid medication containing the active medication and an antacid
Buffered
If the active medication dissolves in the liquid, the medication is a ____.
Solution
If the active medication does not dissolve and becomes suspended in the liquid, it is called a _____.
Suspension
Medication is administered one time right now
Stat order
An order that applies to all patients who meet specific criteria
Standing order
All prescriptions need to include what information?
Date of issue, pt info, drug name, drug strength, number of refills
IM
Intramuscular
ung
Ointment
g
Gram
gr
Grain
gtt(s)
Drop(s)
