Chapter 6

Question 1

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 1

an estimate of body fate based on height and weight

Question 2

calorie (lowercase)

Answer 2

the amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1g of water by 1°c

Question 3

Calories (uppercase) aka Kilocalories

Answer 3

1,000 Calories or 1 Kilocalorie. the common unit of energy used in food nutrition labels

Question 4

NEAT

Answer 4

non-exercise activity thermogenesis; the amount of energy expended in everyday activities

Question 5

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 5

series of reactions that occurs in the presence of oxygen and converts energy stored in food into ATP

Question 6

Glycosis

Answer 6

series of reactions that breaks down sugar into smaller units
- takes place in the cytoplasm
- first stage of aerobic respiration and fermentation

Question 7

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 7

reactions that take place in mitochondria and helps extract energy from food
- second step of aerobic respiration

Question 8

NAD+

Answer 8

an electron carrier, NAD+ can accept electrons, becoming NADH in the process

Question 9

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 9

transfer of electrons that takes place in mitochondria and process the bulk of ATP during aerobic respiration

Question 10

Fermentation

Answer 10

series of chemical reactions beginning with glycosis and taking place in the absence of oxygen
- way to keep glycosis running

Question 11

Glycogen

Answer 11

complex animal carbohydrate, made up of linked chains of glucose molecules, that stores energy for short-term use

Question 12

Genome

Answer 12

the full set of DNA present in an individual organism

Question 13

Triglycerides

Answer 13

lipid found in fat cells that stores excess energy for long-term use

Question 14

Nitrogen Fixation

Answer 14

bacteria converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia