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General Biology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass in an atom

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2
Q

Proton

A

a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

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3
Q

Atom

A

smallest unit of an element that still retains the property of the element

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4
Q

Matter

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

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5
Q

Element

A

a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down; each element is made up of and defined by a single type of atom

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6
Q

Energy

A

the ability to do work

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

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8
Q

Biology

A

the study of life

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9
Q

Prion

A

infectious agent composed only of protein

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10
Q

Virus

A

infectious agent mad up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information

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11
Q

Base

A

substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions, making them more basic

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12
Q

Acid

A

substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions, making them more acidic

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13
Q

pH

A

measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

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14
Q

Ion

A

electronically charged atom, the charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons

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15
Q

Ionic Bond

A

strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or another

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16
Q

Solution

A

mixture of solute and solvent

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17
Q

Solute

A

a dissolved substance

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18
Q

Solvent

A

substances in which other substances can dissolve

19
Q

Adhesion

A

the attraction between molecules and a surface

20
Q

Cohesion

A

the attraction between molecules

21
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

a weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge

22
Q

Polar Molecule

A

molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms, causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive at the other

23
Q

Hydrophilic

A

“water-loving” - molecules attracted to water

24
Q

Hydrophobic

A

“water-fearing” - molecules repel water

25
Q

Phospholipid

A

type of lipid that forms the cell membrane

26
Q

Cell membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer, with embedded proteins that forms the boundary of all cells

27
Q

Cell

A

basic structural unit of living organisms

28
Q

Nucleotide

A

building block of a nucleic acid

29
Q

Amino Acid

A

building block of a protein

30
Q

Monosaccharide

A

the building block, or monomer, of a carbohydrate

31
Q

Polymer

A

molecule made of up individual subunits, called monomers, linked together in a chain

32
Q

monomer

A

one chemical subunit of a polymer

33
Q

macromolecules

A

very large organic molecules that make up living organisms: they include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

34
Q

Lipids

A

organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits
ex. DNA an RNA

35
Q

Protein

A

organic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits

36
Q

Carbohydrate

A

an organic molecule made up of one or more sugars

37
Q

Inorganic

A

a molecule that lacks a carbon-based backbone and C-H bonds

38
Q

Organic

A

describes a molecule with a carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond

39
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

a strong interaction resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms

40
Q

Molecule

A

atoms linked by covalent bonds

41
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons in an atom, determines the atom’s identity

42
Q

Neutron

A

electronically unchanged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

43
Q

Nucleus

A

the dense core of an atom

General Biology (8 decks)

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