Chapter 12 Flashcards
Gonads
sex organs
Androgens
sex hormones that are present in higher levels in men and cause male-associated traits
Estrogens
sex hormones that are present in higher levels in women and support female sexual development and function
Autosomes
paired chromosomes present in both males and females
Sex Chromosomes
paired chromosomes that differ between males and females
SRY
“sex-determining region” on the Y chromosome
X-Linked Traits
a phenotype determined by an allele on an X chromosome
Pedigree
visual representation of the occurrence of phenotypes across generations
Y-Chromosome Analysis
comparison of sequences of the Y chromosomes of different individuals to examine paternity and parental ancestry
Incomplete Dominance
form of inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygotes
Codominance
a form of inheritance in which the effects of both alleles are displayed in the phenotype of heterozygote
Continuous Variation
variation in a population showing an unbroken range of phenotypes rather than discrete categories
Polygenic Trait
a trait whose phenotype is determined by the interaction among alleles of more than one gene
Multifactorial Inheritance
interaction between genes and the environment that contributes to a phenotype or trait
Epigenetics
changes in gene expression that are not based on changes in the DNA sequence
