Chapter 4

Question 1

Malnutrition

Answer 1

medical condition resulting from a lack of essential nutrients in the diet

Question 2

Nutrients

Answer 2

compounds in food that the body needs to grow, develop, and repair itself

Question 3

Energy

Answer 3

ability to do work, including the work of building complex molecules

Question 4

macronutrients

Answer 4

nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that organisms must ingest in large amounts to maintain health

Question 5

Essential Nutrients

Answer 5

nutrients that can’t be made by the body and must be obtained from the diet

Question 6

Starch

Answer 6

complex plant carbohydrate made of linked chains of glucose molecules; a source of stored energy

Question 7

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 7

amino acids that can’t be made by the body, and must be obtained in pre-assembled form from the diet

Question 8

Chemical Reaction

Answer 8

rearrangement of atoms in molecules to form different molecules by forming or breaking bonds

Question 9

Catabolic Reaction

Answer 9

chemical reaction that breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules

Question 10

Anabolic Reaction

Answer 10

chemical reaction that combines simple molecules to build more complex molecules

Question 11

Metabolism

Answer 11

all biochemical reactions occurring in an organism, including reactions that break down food molecules and reactions that build new cell structures

Question 12

Enzymes

Answer 12

a protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 13

Catalysis

Answer 13

process of speeding up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 14

Substrate

Answer 14

molecules to which an enzyme binds and on which the enzyme acts

Question 15

Active Site

Answer 15

part of an enzyme that binds to a substrate

Question 16

Catabolic

Answer 16

binding of an enzyme to its substrate puts stress on a chemical bond, causing it to break

Question 17

Anabolic

Answer 17

enzyme brings substrate molecules into closer proximity increasing the likelihood of a bond forming

Question 18

Activation Energy

Answer 18

energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed

Question 19

Minerals

Answer 19

inorganic chemical element required by organisms for normal growth, reproduction, and tissue maintenance

Question 20

Micronutrients

Answer 20

nutrients, including vitamins and minerals, that organisms must ingest in small amounts to maintain healthy

Question 21

Vitamin

Answer 21

organic molecule required in small amounts for normal growth, and reproduction

Question 22

Vitamin

Answer 22

organic molecule required in small amounts for normal growth, and reproduction

Question 23

Cofactor

Answer 23

inorganic substance required to activate an enzyme

Question 24

Coenzyme

Answer 24

small organic molecule required to activate an enzyme