Chapter 6 Flashcards
Somatic Sensory Disorder
Disorders involving extreme and long-lasting focus on multiple
physical symptoms for which no medical cause is evident; previously known as somatization disorders
Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis)
Involves severe anxiety over belief in having a disease without any
evident physical cause
Causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder and Illness Anxiety Disorder
-Participants with these disorders show enhanced perceptual sensitivity to illness cues
-Interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening
-Genetic causes
-Negative life events
-“Attention seeking” through illness
Treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorder and Illness Anxiety Disorder
-Hard to treat
-Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)
-Reduce stress
-Minimize help-seeking behaviours
-Relating to others
Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions
Somatic condition in which a
psychological characteristics affects a diagnosed medical condition, such as asthma being exacerbated by anxiety or denial.
conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
-Physical malfunctions, such as blindness or paralysis, difficulty speaking (aphonia), suggesting neurological impairment, with no organic pathology to account for it
-People with conversion symptoms dissociate experiences from awareness
-Malingerers and people with factitious disorders could be pretending symptoms
Malingering
Deliberate faking of a physical or psychological disorder motivated by gain
conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) Causes
-Traumatic event leads to conflict = anxiety
-Repression of conflict (unconscious)
-When anxiety becomes conscious -person converts it to physical symptoms
-Person gets attention
-Interpersonal factors
ie; Substantial stress: abuse, parental divorce
-Social and cultural factors
ie; Less educated, lower socioeconomic groups
conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) Treatment
Identify source of stress; reduce stress
Minimize help-seeking behaviours
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)
Factitious Disorder
Nonexistent physical or psychological disorders deliberately faked for no apparent gain except possibly sympathy and attention
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy)
producing symptoms in other members of the family.
5 basic somatic symptom and related disorders.
- Somatic Symptom Disorder
2.Illness Anxiety Disorder
3.Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition
4.Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
5.Factitious Disorders/Factitious Disorders Imposed on Others
Secondary Gain
Receiving attention from one of these disorders
Primary Gain/La belle indifference
individuals do not seem the least bit stressed about there
symptoms in one of the above disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them
OCD Experience
-severe generalized anxiety,
-recurrent panic attacks,
-debilitating avoidance,
-major depression.
Obsessions
Recurrent intrusive thoughts or impulses the client seeks to suppress or neutralized while recognizing they are not imposed by outside forces
Compulsions
Repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behaviors or mental acts a person feels driven to perform
4 Major Types of Obsessions
- Symmetry obsession,
- Forbidden thoughts or actions,
- Cleaning and contaminations,
- hoarding
Symmerty Obsession
Obsession: needing things to be symmetrical/aligned/just right - urges to do things over until they feel ‘just right’
Compulsion: Putting things in a certain order, repeating rituals
Forbidden Thoughts or Actions
Obsession: Fear, urges to harm self or others. Fears of offending God
Compulsion: Checking, avoiding, repeated requests for reassurance
Cleaning/Contamination
Obsession: Germs, fear of germs or contaminants
Compulsions: Repetitive or excessive washing, using gloves, masks to do daily tasks
Hoarding
Obsessions: Fear of throwing things away
Compulsion:collecting/saving objects with little or no actual or sentimental value, such as food wrappings
Thought-action-fusion
Clients with OCD equating thoughts with the specific actions or activity
represented by thoughts
Tic Disorder
-Involuntary movements
-Co-occur with OCD
-Movements may not be tics but may still be compulsions
OCD Causes
-Thoughts regulated by brain circuits
-Early experiences
-“thought-action fusion”
-Thought suppression leads to compulsions
OCD Treatment
-SSRIs, psychological treatments (e.g., exposure and ritual prevention [ERP])
-CBT
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
-Somatoform disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation
with some imagined defect in appearance (imagines ugliness)
-co-occurs with OCD
BDD Clinical Desscription
-Checking and compensating rituals
-Excessive grooming, skin picking, mirror checking
-Suicidal: attempt and ideation
BDD Causes
Insufficient information on psychological or biological predisposing factors
BDD Treatment
-SSRIs, clomipramine (Anafranil) and fluvoxamine (Luvox)
-CBT: Exposure and response prevention
BDD and Plastic Surgery
-Skin treatments most sought after
-Many patients of plastic surgeons return for additional surgery
-8%–25% who request plastic surgery have BDD; should be screened by plastic surgeons
Hoarding Disorder
-Appears as a separate disorder in DSM-5
-Hoarding starts early in life; gets worse
-Can be hazardous
-Patients come for treatment after age 50
-Cognitive-behavioural therapy given
Trichotillomania
Peoples urge to pull out their own hair from anywhere on their body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arms
Excoriation
Recurrent, difficult-to-control picking of one’s skin leading to significant impairment
or distress
Habit Reversal Training
Patients are carefully taught to be more aware of their repetitive
behaviors, particularly as it is just about to begin, and to then substitute a different
behavior such as chewing gum, or applying lotion, or some other reasonably pleasurable
harmless behavior.
