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Geology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrosphere is in a ____.

A

Steady-state equilibrium.
(There is the same amount of water)

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2
Q

Why is the distribution of Earths water is uneven?

A

Rapid circulation on/in the surface and in the atmosphere

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3
Q

What is the largest reservoir of water?

A

Ocean

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4
Q

What is the largest fresh water reservoir?

A

Glasers/icecaps.

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5
Q

What is the most viable water reservoir?

A

Ground water.

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6
Q

Water properties

A

2 hydrogen atoms desire to share one electron each.

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7
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Bonding through sharing of electrons
(Very strong)

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8
Q

Polarity

A

Electric charge causing attraction & repulsion
(Ex: Magnet)

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9
Q

Difference between Covalent and hydrogen bonds?

A

Covalent Bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds because a covalent bond is an attraction within molecules

Hydrogen bonds are attractions between.

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10
Q

Phase change requires…

A

Absorption or release of heat energy
(Latent heat)

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11
Q

Sublimation/deposition

A

Solid to a gas.

Gas to a solid.

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12
Q

Evaporation/condensation

A

Changing from a liquid to a vapor.

Changing from a vapor to a liquid.

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13
Q

Ratio of humidity (RH)

A

Water vapor in air/ max water vapor possible

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14
Q

Dry air

A

Low RH

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15
Q

Wet air

A

High RH

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16
Q

Max RH saturation

A

100%

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17
Q

What changes volume of air?

A

Temperature
Cools - contracts
Warms - expands

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18
Q

More vapor or decrease in air temperature…

A

Will allow the condensation of water.

19
Q

Dew-Point Temperature

A

The temperature at which the air needs to be cooled in order for water to be saturated.

20
Q

Air Parcels

A

Body of air with a specific temperature and humidity.

21
Q

What happens if parcel of air is less dense than surrounding air?

A

Rises and expands

22
Q

What happens if parcel of air is more dense than surrounding air?

A

Sinks and compresses

23
Q

Stability

A

Tendency of an air parcel to remain in place or change vertical position.

Temperature of air determines density of the air parcel.

24
Q

Unstable air…

A

rises until it reaches an altitude where surrounding air has the same density & temp.

25
Q

Adiabatic Processes

A

Temperatures change inside the parcel, but no exchange of heat with surrounding environment.

26
Q

Raising air cools by…

A

Expansion
(Reduced pressure at high altitudes)

27
Q

Falling air heats by…

A

Compression
(Ex: Santa Ana’s)

28
Q

Indicate overall atmospheric conditions

A

Stability
Moisture content
Weather

29
Q

Cloud Formation Processes

A

begin as a large mass of moisture droplets

30
Q

Rain drops

A

Collision coalescence process

31
Q

How do we classify clouds?

A

Altitude (low, middle, high, vertically developed
Shape (flat, puffy, wispy)

32
Q

Soft, gray cloud masses in lines that look like high fog.

A

Stratus

33
Q

Gray, dark low clouds with drizzling rain.

A

Nimbostratus

34
Q

Thin to thick clouds, with no halos. Suns outlines just visible through clouds on a grey day.

A

Altostratus

35
Q

Clouds like patches of cotton balls, dappled, and arranged in lines or groups.

A

Altocumulus

36
Q

CirrusMares tails clouds wispy, feathery, with delicate fibers, streaks or plumes.

A

Cirrus

37
Q

Clouds like veils, formed from fused sheets of ice crystals, having a milky look, with sun and moon halos.

A

Cirrostratus

38
Q

Sharply outlined, puffy, billowy, flat baed clouds with swelling tops. Associated with fair weather.

A

Cumulus

39
Q

Dense, heavy, massive clouds associated with dark thunderstorms, hard showers, and great vertical development, with towering, cirrus-topped plume blow into anvil shaped head.

A

Cumulonimbus

40
Q

Fog

A
  • Cloud layer of ground
  • Air temperature and dew-point temperature are identical at ground level.
  • Moisture droplets are warm
    (EX: Above freezing)
41
Q

Radiation fog

A
  • Moist/wet ground cools at night
    -Air temperature reaches dew point temperature
  • Short duration, often dissipates by afternoon
  • Remains in one place
42
Q

Advection Fog

A
  • Air in one place migrates to where it can condense
  • EX: Warms, moist air moves over cooler ocean currents
  • Layer of migrating air becomes chilled dew point
  • Can last for several days
  • Can cover large areas
43
Q

Upslope Advection Fog

A

Moist air flows to higher elevation along a hill or mountain - clouds from as air is pushed up

44
Q

Valley Advection Fog

A

Cool air is denser than warm air settles in low-lying areas- chilled, saturated layer near ground in valleys

Geology (23 decks)

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