Chapter 11 (Part 3)

Question 1

Clastic

Answer 1

Loose rock fragments (clasts)
cemented together

Question 2

Chemical

Answer 2

Minerals that crystallize directly from
water

Question 3

Biochemical

Answer 3

Cemented shells of organisms

Question 4

Organic

Answer 4

Carbon-rich remains of once living
organisms

Question 5

Coarse rocks (Gravel)

Answer 5

Conglomerate
Breccia

Question 6

Medium (Sand)

Answer 6

Sandstones

Question 7

Fine (Mud)

Answer 7

Siltstone
Shale

Question 8

Clastic (Detrital)

Answer 8

Weathering: disintegration
Erosion
Transportation
Deposition
Compaction

Question 9

Cementation

Answer 9

Dissolved ions in fluids of pore
spaces precipitate out → cement

Question 10

Lithification

Answer 10

Compaction + Cement

Question 11

Clastic Rocks

Answer 11

Smooth rocks/ sometimes has other chunks of rocks in them.

Question 12

Chemical Rocks

Answer 12

Shiny interesting texture

Question 13

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 13

Rock that has transformed into a new rock due to physical and
chemical changes brought on by increased pressure and heat

Question 14

Foliated

Answer 14

Repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks.

Question 15

Non-foliated

Answer 15

Dont have lines in the rocks

Question 16

What is the large-scale
driving force for the rock cycle?

Answer 16

Plate tectonics

Question 17

Alfred Wegener

Answer 17

Theory of Continental Drift

Question 18

Pangea

Answer 18

When the whole Earth was connected

Question 19

Problems with Wegener’s Theory

Answer 19

He did not have a mechanism behind the drifting of continents.

Question 20

Arthur Holmes

Answer 20

Continental drift is caused by convection currents in the mantel.

Radioactive decay causes the Earth’s interior to cause convection.

Question 21

Bathymetry and Paleomagnetism

Answer 21

Led to the theory of plate tectonics

Question 22

The lithosphere (outermost shell of Earth) is…

Answer 22

…composed of 13 or
more large rigid plates and numerous smaller ones

Question 22

Continents are…

Answer 22

…old

Question 23

Geologic activity is concentrated along the…

Answer 23

…boundaries between
plates

Question 23

Ocean basins are…

Answer 23

…young

Question 24

Hot spots form…

Answer 24

…where mantle plumes rise from the core-mantle boundary.

Question 24

Plate boundaries

Answer 24

Divergent <–>
Convergent -><-
Transform (slides past)

Question 25

What is a factor of volcanos happening?

Answer 25

Convection

Question 26

Plume locations are stationary in the…

Answer 26

…mantle