Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Imbalance

A

Atmospheres circulation caused by imbalance.

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2
Q

Air Pressure

A

Motion, since and number created by air molecules.
Force/Area

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3
Q

Pressure Maps

A

Lines on a map that show pressure. (Isobars)

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4
Q

Pressure Maps are similar to

A

Temperature values (Isotherms)

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5
Q

Wind

A

Horizontal movement of air.

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6
Q

(Wind) Produced

A

By differences in air pressure.

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7
Q

(Wind) Measured

A

By its speed and direction.

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8
Q

(Wind) Named

A

For the direction from which they originate.

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9
Q

Winds link the Earths

A

Atmosphere
Mixing gases
Dust
Pollutants

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10
Q

What are driving forces?

A

Gravitatonal Force
Pressure Gradient Force
Coriolis Force
Frictional Force

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11
Q

Gravitational Forcs

A

Counteracts outward centrifugal forces acting on Earths spinning surface and atmosphere.

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12
Q

(Gravitational Force) Exerts a
____on the atmosphere.

A

Virtually uniform pressure.

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13
Q

What compresses the atmosphere (increases density at surface?

A

Gravitational Force

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14
Q

If gravity didn’t exist,

A

There would be no pressure.

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15
Q

Pressure Gradient Force

A

Flow from high pressure to low pressure (just like heat)

Change in pressure/distance

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16
Q

Coriolis

A

Deflection force due to rotation of our Earth.

17
Q

Frictional Force

A

Drag on wind. Opposite direction on wind. Being against the wind.

18
Q

High Pressure

A

High
Descending dividing
Goes down

19
Q

Low Pressure

A

Low
Ascending Conviging
Going up

20
Q

Primary Pressure Areas

A

Equatorial low-pressure trough
Polar high-pressure cells
Subtropical high-pressure cells
Sub-polar low-pressure cells

21
Q

Equatorial Low-Pressure Trough

A

Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)

22
Q

ITCZ

A

High insolation area, increase evaporative potential.

Cyclone pattern, convergence, ascending air.

Rising moist air.

23
Q

Trade Winds

A

Northeast and southeast trade winds.

Hadley circulation cells.

Calm winds, mildly variable due to weak pressure gradient and upward movement.

24
Q

Polar High-Pressure Cells

A

Little energy from the sun.

Weak and variable; cold and dry

Anticyclone pattern, divergence, descending air.

Polar easterlies.

25
Q

Subtropical Highs

A

Between 20-35N and S
Broad high-pressure zone - hot, dry air (Sahara)
Calm winds
Anticyclone, diverging
Air pushed down
Westerlies

26
Q

Subpolar Lows

A

Cool and moist

Too low-pressure cyclones dominate over oceans around 60N

27
Q

Land-Sea Breezes

A

Onshore during daytime (heating land)
Offshore during nighttime (warmer water.

28
Q

Santa Ana Winds

A

Result from pressure gradient generated from high pressure system in Great Basin.

Dry and warm winds move through the valleys into S, CA.

Beginning at higher elevation, air descends where it then compresses (compression increases temperatures)

Amount of moist air is small to begin with and remains the same.

Winds pick up speed due to channeling through canyons.

29
Q

Atmosphere and Ocean Connection

A

Atmospheric and oceanic systems are connected -> Driving force for ocean currents is frictional grad of winds.

Coriolis (deflection), density differences (temperature and salinity), bathymetry, and astronomical forces (tides) also shape how ocean currents.

30
Q

Surface Oceanic Currents

A

Driven by the atmospheric circulation around subtropical high pressure cells (both hemispheres)

31
Q

Circulation systems -> Gyres

A

Circular flows of water in the ocean basin.

32
Q

Surface Oceanic Currents

A

At the equator, strong westward currents from due to trade winds.

33
Q

Coriolis effect is weaker at

A

The equator and creates western intensification (water piles up)

34
Q

(Downwelling and Upwelling) Where surface water accumulates, do swelling currents occur

A

Cool, nutrient rich water rises from below replacing the surface water (Pacific coasts of N & S America)