19 Flashcards

1
Q

_______- requirements are often critical
for determining a species range.

A

Temperature and moisture

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2
Q

Temperature too high
or too low; rainfall too much or too little), species must…

A

…adapt, seek out new habitat elsewhere, or become extinct.

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3
Q

Biosphere

A

Extends from ocean floor to the atmosphere.

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4
Q

Abiotic
Biotic

A

Non-living
Living

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5
Q

Biosphere includes ecosystems

A

Self-sustaining association of living plants and animals and their non-living physical environment.

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6
Q

Community

A

Formed by interactions
among populations of living organisms.

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7
Q

Habitat

A

Includes both biotic and abiotic elements of the environment.

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8
Q

Niche

A

Different from habitat, in that habitat is an environment that can
be shared by many species, whereas niche is the unique role that a species performs within that habitat.

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9
Q

No two species occupy the same…

A

…niche

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10
Q

Mutualism

A

Shared support over an
extended period of time

Examples: bees and flowers, clownfish and sea anemone

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10
Q

Symbiotic relationships

A

Two or more species exist together in an overlapping relationship.

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10
Q

Parasitism

A

A relationship in which one species benefits and another is harmed by the association

Examples: mosquitos, fleas, ticks

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11
Q

Commensalism

A

A relationship that is one-way to one organism and neither harmful nor beneficial to another

Example: sucker fish that lives attached to sharks and
feeds off their waste

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12
Q

Plants capture diffuse ________ and convert it into an important food base for all life.

A

Sunlight.

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13
Q

Stomata

A

Small pores on the leaves that open and
close with the needs of the plants.

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14
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Takes place in structures within green leaves called chloroplasts

Uses chlorophyll

Uses light energy, CO2, H2O to produce sugars and the waste product O2

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15
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Green pigment in chloroplast that are light sensitive.

16
Q

Respiration

A

The consumption of stored energy (photosynthesis in reverse).

17
Q

Both ____ and ____
occur simultaneously in leaves.

A

Photosynthesis.
Respiration.

18
Q

The balance of the two is called…

A

Net photosynthesis

19
Q

Amount of stored chemical energy ecosystem generates

Often measured in net dry weight of organic material.

A

Net primary productivity

20
Q

Climate controls

A

NPP on land.
 High in equatorial regions
 Low in desert regions
 May fluctuate with seasonal changes
 Nutrients dissolved in water controls NPP in oceans

21
Q

Air/soil temperature determines…

A

Chemical reaction rate.

22
Q

Life zone concept

A

Zonation of plants with altitude that roughly corresponds to increasing latitude.

23
Q

Limiting factors

A

Physical, chemical, or
biological characteristics that determine species distributions and population size.

Necessary things for specie survival.

24
Q

Limiting factors examples

A

Low temperatures limit plant growth at high elevations
Lack of water limits growth in a desert
Changes in salinity levels affect aquatic ecosystems

25
Q

The most abundant natural elements in living matter are…

A

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon

26
Q

Elements such as ______ are important as well.

A

Nitrogen
Calcium
Potassium
Magnesium
Sulfer
Phosphorus

27
Q

Carbon and oxygen is connected all the time because of…

A

Photosynthesis
Respiration

28
Q

Most Oxygen is in the…

A

Atmosphere

29
Q

Oceans initially absorb CO2 (photosynthesis carried on by phytoplankton) …

A

…and becomes fixed in carbonate minerals (sea shells).

30
Q

Increasing CO2 over time and annual
fluctuations in CO2.

A

Keeling Curve

31
Q

N-fixing

A

Plant roots combine
N from air in the form of nitrates and ammonia that can be used by plants to produce their own organic matter.

32
Q

Soils become less fertile through ________
and decreases diversity.

A

Chemical misbalances.

33
Q

Oxygen depleted waters kills aquatic biota and forces species to migrate.

A

Dead zone.

34
Q

Autotrophs

A

(producers) receive carbon from CO2 (plants)

35
Q

Heterotrophs

A

(consumers & bottom feeders) – rely on
producers or other consumers for carbon (animals)

36
Q
A
37
Q
A
38
Q
A