Chapter 2

Question 1

Nubula

Answer 1

A slowly rotating and collapsing cloud of susy and light gases.

Question 2

Accretion Process

Answer 2

Collect and stick together gradually,
Grains
Bolders
Planetesimals
Planet

Question 3

Sun mass

Answer 3

The sun comprises 99.8 of the mass of the entire solar system.

Question 4

Inner/Terrestrial Planets

Answer 4

Small, dense, rocky, and rich in metals.
Ex: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

Question 5

Outer/Jovian Planets

Answer 5

Large, low density, gas, and ice giants.
Sun swept volatile gases to cooler out disk.
Ex: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Question 6

What makes a planet?

Answer 6

Orbits sun
Spherical
Clears material in its orbit

Question 7

Why Pluto is not a planet.

Answer 7

Pluto still has lots of asteroids and other space rocks along its flight path, rather than having absorbed them over time, like the larger planets have done.

Question 8

Source of energy of the Sun comes from?

Answer 8

H atoms fuses with other H atoms - He
Multiple fusion reactions releasing energy.

Question 9

High temperatures of the sun comes from?

Answer 9

Electrically-charged gas and particles
Moving particles create a magnetic field.

Question 10

Dark spots on Sun’s surface

Answer 10

Increased in solar radiation caused by magnetic storms due to interaction of the suns surface and magnetic field.

Question 11

Solar Flairs

Answer 11

Magnetic field lines near sunspots often tangle.

Question 12

Solar Flairs can…

Answer 12

Affect radio communications.
Explosions of hot energy and gases.

Question 13

Solar Wind

Answer 13

Charged particles from the sun.

Question 14

Solar Wind facts…

Answer 14

H nuclei and free electrons
From outer atmosphere of sun (corona)
Three days to reach earth
Examined this experiment using foil.

Question 15

Earths Magnetosphere

Answer 15

2 magnetic metals move over one another to create a magnetic field.

Question 16

How Earths Magnetosphere works.

Answer 16

Flow of the outer core around the inner core creates this field.

Question 17

The Earths Magnetosphere protects….

Answer 17

Us from radiation poisoning.

Question 18

Aurora Borealis

Answer 18

Interaction of our atmosphere with solar wind.

Question 19

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Answer 19

Energy comes in different wavelengths and frequencies.

Question 20

Sun and Earths wavelengths.

Answer 20

Sun radiates shortwave energy.
Earth radiates long wave energy.

Question 21

Insolation

Answer 21

The total amount of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area during a given time.

Question 22

Tropic insolation

Answer 22

Receive more concentrated insolation due to Earth’s curvature.

Question 23

Seasonality

Answer 23

Refers to seasonal variations of suns position above horizon and changing day length during the year.

Question 24

Day length

Answer 24

Affected by the suns max altitude, which depends on,
The time of year
Latitude

Equator vs. Arctic

Question 25

Suns altitude

Answer 25

Angle above horizon.

Question 26

Altitude

Answer 26

The angel from Earths surface to the line connecting to you and the sun.

Question 27

Declination

Answer 27

Latitude that receives overhead insolation (subsolar point: sun directly above Earth).

Question 28

5 reasons for seasons

Answer 28

Revolution
Rotation
Tilt of Earths axis
Axial parallelism
Sphericity

Question 29

Revolution

Answer 29

Earth revolves around the sun for a year.
Voyage takes one year.

Question 30

Rotation

Answer 30

Earth rotates on axis once every 24 hours.

Question 31

Axial Parallelism

Answer 31

Earths tilt.
Axis maintains alignment during orbit around the sun.
North pole points toward the North Star (Polaris)

Question 32

Sphericity

Answer 32

Earth is an oblate spheroid.

Question 33

Energy Budget

Answer 33

Radiant energy that reaches Earth from the sun and flows from Earth back out to space.

Question 34

Fusion

Answer 34

Two light nuclei merge to form a heavier nucleus.
The process releases energy.
The leftover mass becomes energy.

Question 35

Nebular theory

Answer 35

The solar system developed from a nebula.

Question 36

Sunspot

Answer 36

Magnetic field is 2,500 times stronger than Earth’s.