Chapter 6 Flashcards
Statistical quality control (SQC)
The general category of statistical tools used to evaluate organizational quality.
Descriptive statistics
Statistics used to describe quality characteristics and relationships.
Statistical process control (SPC)
A statistical tool that involves inspecting a random sample of the output from a process and deciding whether the process is producing products with characteristics that fall within a predetermined range.
Acceptance sampling
The process of randomly inspecting a sample of goods and deciding whether to accept the entire lot based on the results.
Common causes of variation
Random causes that cannot be identified.
Assignable causes of variation
Causes that can be identified and eliminated.
Mean (average)
A statistic that measures the central tendency of a set of data.
Range
The difference between the largest and smallest observations in a set of data.
Standard deviation
A statistic that measures the amount of data dispersion around the mean.
Out-of-control
The situation in which a plot of data falls outside preset control limits.
Variable
A product characteristic that can be measured and has a continuum of values (e.g., height, weight, or volume).
Attribute
A product characteristic that has a discrete value and can be counted.
Process capability
The ability of a production process to meet or exceed preset specifications.
Product specifications
Preset ranges of acceptable quality characteristics.
Process capability index
An index used to measure process capability.
