Chapter 6

Question 1

The process which results in certain sensory information being selectively process over other information

Answer 1

Attention

Question 2

Occurs when you move your eyes from one place to another, to focus on a particular object or location

Answer 2

Overt attention

Question 3

Occurs when you shift attention without moving your eyes, as might occur when you’re looking at the person you’re talking to, but are keeping track of another person who is off to the side

Answer 3

Covert attention

Question 4

Where _____refers to presenting different stimuli to the left and right ears

Answer 4

Dichotic listening

Question 5

The capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously

Answer 5

Selective attention

Question 6

A task in which a participant repeats aloud a message Word for Word, at the same time that the message is being presented, often, while other stimuli are presented in the background

Answer 6

Shadowing

Question 7

The ability to focus on one stimulus, while filtering out other stimuli

Answer 7

Cocktail party effect

Question 8

Attention to a specific location

Answer 8

Spatial attention

Question 9

The procedure in which a cue stimulus is presented to direct a subjects attention to the location of a test stimulus

Answer 9

Precueing

Question 10

Mistakenly perceiving features of one stimulus as belonging to another nearby stimulus

Answer 10

Illusory conjunction

Question 11

A theory of attention developed in 1980 by Ann Treisman and Gary Gelade that suggest that when perceiving a stimulus, features are “ registered, early, automatically, and in parallel, while objects are identified separately” and at a later stage in processing

Answer 11

Feature integration theory

Question 12

The first step in processing an object. In this stage, features of the object are analyzed rapidly and unconsciously, and at this stage the features exist independently of one another.

Answer 12

Preattentive stage

Question 13

The second stage in processing an object. Attention becomes involved, and conscious perception occurs.

Answer 13

Focused attention stage

Question 14

During normal viewing, attention, combines an objects features, so we perceive the object correctly

Answer 14

Binding

Question 15

Something we do anytime we look for an object among a number of other objects

Answer 15

Visual search

Question 16

Finding a target by looking for a single feature

Answer 16

Feature search

Question 17

Finding a target by looking for a combination of features

Answer 17

Conjunction search

Question 18

The ability to aim the eyes to a particular spot accurately

Answer 18

Fixation

Question 19

A rapid, jerky movement from one fixation to the next

Answer 19

Saccadic eye movement

Question 20

The feedback we get from our eye muscles as we move our eyes is important to the perception of motion

Answer 20

Corollary discharge theory

Question 21

Occurs when a signal to move the eyes is sent from the brain to the eye muscles

Answer 21

Motor signal (MS)

Question 22

A copy of the motor signal, so occurs whenever there is a motor signal

Answer 22

Corollary discharge signal (CDS)

Question 23

Occurs when an image moves across the retina, as happens, when movement of the eye causes the image of a stationary scene to sweep across the retina

Answer 23

Image displacement signal (IDS)

Question 24

The _____operates, according to the following rule: when only the CDS or the IDS signal reaches it, movement is perceived. But when both signals reach the _____, no movement is perceived.

Answer 24

Comparator

Question 25

Attention begins shifting toward the target, just before the eye begins moving toward it

Answer 25

Predictive remapping of attention

Question 26

Properties of a stimulus grab attention, seemingly against a persons will

Answer 26

Attentional capture

Question 27

A _____reveals which regions are visually different from the rest of the scene

Answer 27

Saliency map

Question 28

The faster responding that occurs when enhancement spreads within an object

Answer 28

Same-object advantage

Question 29

How different the light and dark bars appear

Answer 29

Perceived contrast

Question 30

Not only do we miss things that are out of our field of view, but not attending can cause us to miss things even if we are looking directly at them

Answer 30

Inattentional blindness

Question 31

Difficulty in detecting changes in scenes

Answer 31

Change blindness

Question 32

A lapse in the self consistency of the scene or story being portrayed

Answer 32

Continuity errors

Question 33

A type of learning in which behavior is controlled by rewards that follow behavior

Answer 33

Operant conditioning

Question 34

And inability to perceive, report, and orient to sensory events towards one side of space, contralateral to the side of the lesion, with or without a primary sensory deficit

Answer 34

Spatial neglect

Question 35

The gradual weakening of a conditioned response, resulting in a behavior stopping, or going extinct, overtime

Answer 35

Extinction

Question 36

The identification at a subconscious level before attention has occurred

Answer 36

Preattentive processing