Chapter 6 Flashcards
The process which results in certain sensory information being selectively process over other information
Attention
Occurs when you move your eyes from one place to another, to focus on a particular object or location
Overt attention
Occurs when you shift attention without moving your eyes, as might occur when you’re looking at the person you’re talking to, but are keeping track of another person who is off to the side
Covert attention
Where _____refers to presenting different stimuli to the left and right ears
Dichotic listening
The capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously
Selective attention
A task in which a participant repeats aloud a message Word for Word, at the same time that the message is being presented, often, while other stimuli are presented in the background
Shadowing
The ability to focus on one stimulus, while filtering out other stimuli
Cocktail party effect
Attention to a specific location
Spatial attention
The procedure in which a cue stimulus is presented to direct a subjects attention to the location of a test stimulus
Precueing
Mistakenly perceiving features of one stimulus as belonging to another nearby stimulus
Illusory conjunction
A theory of attention developed in 1980 by Ann Treisman and Gary Gelade that suggest that when perceiving a stimulus, features are “ registered, early, automatically, and in parallel, while objects are identified separately” and at a later stage in processing
Feature integration theory
The first step in processing an object. In this stage, features of the object are analyzed rapidly and unconsciously, and at this stage the features exist independently of one another.
Preattentive stage
The second stage in processing an object. Attention becomes involved, and conscious perception occurs.
Focused attention stage
During normal viewing, attention, combines an objects features, so we perceive the object correctly
Binding
Something we do anytime we look for an object among a number of other objects
Visual search
Finding a target by looking for a single feature
Feature search
Finding a target by looking for a combination of features
Conjunction search
The ability to aim the eyes to a particular spot accurately
Fixation
A rapid, jerky movement from one fixation to the next
Saccadic eye movement
The feedback we get from our eye muscles as we move our eyes is important to the perception of motion
Corollary discharge theory
Occurs when a signal to move the eyes is sent from the brain to the eye muscles
Motor signal (MS)
A copy of the motor signal, so occurs whenever there is a motor signal
Corollary discharge signal (CDS)
Occurs when an image moves across the retina, as happens, when movement of the eye causes the image of a stationary scene to sweep across the retina
Image displacement signal (IDS)
The _____operates, according to the following rule: when only the CDS or the IDS signal reaches it, movement is perceived. But when both signals reach the _____, no movement is perceived.
Comparator
Attention begins shifting toward the target, just before the eye begins moving toward it
Predictive remapping of attention
Properties of a stimulus grab attention, seemingly against a persons will
Attentional capture
A _____reveals which regions are visually different from the rest of the scene
Saliency map
The faster responding that occurs when enhancement spreads within an object
Same-object advantage
How different the light and dark bars appear
Perceived contrast
Not only do we miss things that are out of our field of view, but not attending can cause us to miss things even if we are looking directly at them
Inattentional blindness
Difficulty in detecting changes in scenes
Change blindness
A lapse in the self consistency of the scene or story being portrayed
Continuity errors
A type of learning in which behavior is controlled by rewards that follow behavior
Operant conditioning
And inability to perceive, report, and orient to sensory events towards one side of space, contralateral to the side of the lesion, with or without a primary sensory deficit
Spatial neglect
The gradual weakening of a conditioned response, resulting in a behavior stopping, or going extinct, overtime
Extinction
The identification at a subconscious level before attention has occurred
Preattentive processing
