chapter 6

Question 1

stimulus discrimination

Answer 1

ability to differentiate stimuli

Question 2

preparedness

Answer 2

through evolution animals may learn some associtations more easily
behaviours related to suevival !!!!
rabbit eye blink

Question 3

conditioned taste awarness

Answer 3

club sonrası tekila

Question 4

John Garcia

Answer 4

some organisms were biologically prepared to quickly learn to avoid foods that smelled

Learned taste aversion could even occur

over very long periods and sometimes occurred after just one exposure.

rats water=biological preparedness

Question 5

Operant conditioning

Answer 5

Unlike classical conditioning, operant conditioning applies to voluntary responses

Question 6

Thorndike

Answer 6

responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated. ödül yani

makes a direct connection between the stimulus and the response without any awareness that the connection exists.

Question 7

reinforcement

Answer 7

the process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated.

A secondary reinforcer becomes reinforcing because of its association with a primary reinforcer.

Question 8

Reinforcer Potency

Answer 8

The key is the amount of time an organism, when free to do anything, engages in a specific behavior associated with the reinforcer.

Question 9

+ reinforcement

Answer 9

a stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response.

Question 10

• reinforcement

Answer 10

an unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated.

PUNISHMENT DEĞİL

Question 11

Punishment

Answer 11

a stimulus that decreases the probability that a previous behavior will occur again.

Question 12

Corporal punishment

Answer 12

physical

Question 13

effective punishment

Answer 13

reasonable, immediate, intense, after every transgession, Must not be signaled by discriminative stimulus

Question 14

schedule of reindorcement

Answer 14

pattern of frequency

Question 15

cont reinforcement sche

Answer 15

reinforcing of a behavior every time it occurs.

Question 16

partial sche

Answer 16

reinforcing of a behavior some but not all of the time.

Partial reinforcement schedules maintain performance longer than do continuous reinforcement schedules before extinction occurs

Question 17

fixed ratio sche

Answer 17

reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made.

Question 18

variable ratio sche

Answer 18

reinforcement occurs after an average number of responses, but the reinforcement schedule is unpredictable.

Question 19

stimulus control training

Answer 19

Stimulus control means your dog offers a specific canine behavior when you ask for it and doesn’t offer it if you haven’t asked for it.

Question 20

dicrimintative stimulus

Answer 20

When a child asks for candy, she always gets one during grandma’s visit, but not in her absence. Grandma’s visiting is an Sd that controls the child’s asking behavior.

Question 21

Shaping

Answer 21

the process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

Question 22

Keller - Marian Breland

Answer 22

Chicken unable to learn how to play baseball.

In operant conditioning as in classical conditioning organisms are biologically more prepared to learn some types of associations more readily than others

Question 23

Instinctive drift

Answer 23

the tendency for a conditioned response to drift back toward instinctive behavior

Question 24

Banduras social cognitive theory

Answer 24

emphasises that people learn by observing the behaviour of models,,

Mirror neurons fire when one observes another person carrying out a behavior.

Question 25

Observation modeling process

Answer 25

Attention: we must pay attention to the model’s behaviour

Retention: we must retain that information in memory so that it can be recalled when needed

Reproduction: we must be physically capable of reproducing the model’s behaviour

Motivation: we must be motivated to display the behaviour

Question 26

Applications of obervational learning

Answer 26

Learning academic and sports-related skills
Enhancing prosocial behavior
Addressing global social problems (literacy, AIDS)