Chapter 6

Question 1

Contemporary society

Answer 1

modern or present day societies

Question 2

historical globilization

Answer 2

the period of imperialism primarily during the 19th century

Question 3

depopulation

Answer 3

the reduction of a population because of conflict, disease, loss of resources, cultural change or assimilation.

Question 4

Indigenous

Answer 4

Refers to people who are original to a place or region, they did not immigrate from somewhere else.

Question 5

Cultural contact

Answer 5

The interaction of diverse cultures and perspectives, which may result in changes in values, beliefs, and traditions

Question 6

What are the main values of the Haudenosaunee?
Ha-den-a-sh- au-knee

Answer 6

• there is a creator , the universe is full of living things, there is a living spirit in all things, people have power, people should live in peace, people should be thankful, people should be kind and share what they have.

Question 7

What are the main values expressed by the Catholic Church in 1492?

Answer 7

The catholic faith and Christian religion would be exalted and spread to every part of the world. Salvation is needed for all souls and barbarian nations should be evangelized.

Question 8

What are similarities and differences between indigenous people prior to european contact?

Answer 8

they spoke different languages and different systems of governance which made them each unique. They had similar philosophies and world views and they lived in harmony with nature. They shared the belief the land was for everyone.

Question 9

Why did europeans search out new land?

Answer 9

They wanted wealth and power beyond where they lived. The were competing with each other for economic and military control. They also wanted to spread the Chritian faith.

Question 10

Who were the Beothuk? be-oh-tuk

Answer 10

They were a group of First Nations people that lived in Newfoundland.

Question 11

How did Cultural contact affect the Beothuk?

Answer 11

The europeans built fishing villages that blocked the Beothuk’s access to the water. They couldn’t live their traditional marine lifestyle. They ended up moving inland.
- when the fur trade moved in, the Beothuk weren’t interested in it. The english started hunting themselves and became competition for the Beothuk for furs and food. There was conflict and may Beothuk were killed. It was legal till 1769 to kill the Beothuk. they were extinct by 1829.

Question 12

Who was Shawnadithit?

Answer 12

She was the last of the Beothuk and tried to record the history of her people. She made drawings and illustrations to pass on her history and culture.

Question 13

What is a potlatch ceremony?

Answer 13

A hereditary chief would invite guests where there would be speeches, dancing and singing, feasts and formal business would occur. They were held in large houses. The host would share food and gifts that would show their generosity and wealth. It would help maintain the social status in the community.
They occurred on important occasions like births or weddings. Political alliances would abe created at them between different nations. They shared stories to keep their history and knowledge as they didn’t have written history.

Question 14

What was a traditional potlatch gift?

Answer 14

Canoes, blankets, oil, dear bark hats. After contact there were bracelets, hudson bay blankets, sewing machines and fabric.

Question 15

How were potlatch societies affected by european contact?

Answer 15

The nature of their economy changed. It had been based on gifts from hunting, fishing and gathering. It becomes more expensive as they gave european items as gifts.

Question 16

What happened in 1884?

Answer 16

The potlatch ceremonies were banned by the Canadian governments. This was done to ‘civilize’ Indigenous peoples. They also needed a labor force. This ban, along with residential schools meant traditional culture was suppressed. Societies met in secret till 1951 when the law was lifted.

Question 17

What is the age of absolutism?

Answer 17

It was how Europeans were living at the time of first contact. The power and the right to rule were the exclusive domains of the social elite. Those who weren’t elite were just meant to follow the rules, not make them.

Question 18

What is the Six Nations Confederacy?

Answer 18

It is an alliance of 6 Haudenosaunee nation. The developed a democratic form of government that was to represent all people and ensure their participation in governments. Formed between 1400 and 1600.
It was passed orally from one generation to the next.

Question 19

When did britain and Egypt agree to rule Sudan jointly?

Answer 19

1899

Question 20

Where is Sudan?

Answer 20

Northeast Africa.

Question 21

What is the ‘closed door’ policy?

Answer 21

It was created in the 1920’s to separate the peoples and culture of north and south Sudan from one another. The north was mostly Arab descent. South was mainly African descent.

Question 22

What happened in 1956 when Sudan gained independence?

Answer 22

The north and south were reunited and power was given to the Arabs in the north. They began to push Islamic culture and religion on al Sudanese people. If southern Sudanese resisted converting to Islam they were denied many rights. It caused a lot of tension and turned into a civil war that killed over 2 million people and displaced 4 million from their homes.