Chapter 6

Question 1

Value

Answer 1

(we are not born with values, we learn) A study of right and wrong conduct and character

Question 2

Common modes of value transmission

Answer 2

Modeling, Laissez faire, rewarding and punishment

Question 3

Modeling

Answer 3

Children know what is high or low value from their parents

Question 4

Laissez faire

Answer 4

Leave children to explore values of their own. No guidance, letting people do what they want (Never occurs in nursing) This is the least favorable and may cause conflict

Question 5

Rewarding and Punishment

Answer 5

Rewarded for demonstrating values and punished for demonstrating unacceptable values.

Question 6

Ethical dilemma

Answer 6

Problems involving more than one choice
- Ex: Doctor refuses to give terminal client morphine but nurse sees the client is in agony (Tough to manage because there are pros and cons)

Question 7

Ethical Distress

Answer 7

Occurs when you know the right thing to do but the actions taken are different from what you feel is ethically correct Ex: Working in an institution with nursing staff shortages when you know this isn’t safe like COVID

Question 8

Principle-Based Approach

Answer 8

Combines both utilitarian (the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action) and deontological (Action right or wrong based on a rule) theory. Has 4 principles: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice.

Question 9

Autonomy

Answer 9

The right to makes one’s own decisions even if its not in their own interest Ex: respect for clients to make health care decisions

Question 10

Nonmaleficence

Answer 10

A commitment to do no harm

Question 11

Beneficence

Answer 11

Promotes good for others, without personal benefits

Question 12

Justice

Answer 12

Fairness with no bias or discrimination

Question 13

utilitarian

Answer 13

The rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action. Ex: the idea that women should get an abortion if the consequence of the action will be positive for her

Question 14

deontological

Answer 14

An action is right and wrong independent of its consequences Ex: the idea that a woman should not ever get an abortion, regardless of the consequences that result from following the rule (DON’T CARE ABOUT CONSEQUENCES)

Question 15

Altruism

Answer 15

Concern of well-being of others (Advocates for clients) It is the main professional values as a nurse

Question 16

Human dignity

Answer 16

Respect for uniqueness of individuals (Be aware of culture)

Question 17

Integrity

Answer 17

Acting in accordance to code of ethics and accepted standards (Be honest with clients)

Question 18

Social justice

Answer 18

Upholding moral, legal and humanistic principles

Question 19

Code of ethics

Answer 19

ANA (our obligations), ICN

Question 20

Paternalism

Answer 20

Acting for clients without consent (Ex: Making a decision for client and influencing them to do something)