Chapter 30

Question 1

Preoperative

Answer 1

Begins with decision to have surgery, lasts until client is transferred to the holding room/operating room or procedural bed

Question 2

Intraoperative

Answer 2

The client is transferred to the holding room or procedural bed until transfer to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) Recovery room.

Question 3

Postoperative

Answer 3

Last from admission to the PACU recovery area and lasts until the final follow up health care provider visit

Question 4

Diagnostic surgical procedure

Answer 4

Screening, identify cause (Ex: Laparoscopy)

Question 5

Curative surgical procedure

Answer 5

Removal of tissue (Ex: Tumor)

Question 6

Preventative surgical procedure

Answer 6

Controversial (Ex: Mastectomy to prevent breast cancer)

Question 7

Ablative surgical procedure

Answer 7

Removal of this disease (Ex: Amputation)

Question 8

Palliative surgical procedure

Answer 8

Relieve or reduce the intensity of an illness (Ex: Debrieve dead skin)

Question 9

Reconstructive surgical procedure

Answer 9

Restore function of tissue (Ex: Skin graph)

Question 10

Constructive surgical procedure

Answer 10

Restore function with congenital anomalies

Question 11

General (systemic) Anesthesia

Answer 11

Administration of drugs by inhalation or IV route, asleep (INTUBATED) This produces CNS depression. There are 3 phases of general anesthesia:
Induction, maintenance, emergence

Question 12

Induction

Answer 12

From administration of anesthesia to ready for incision

Question 13

Maintenance

Answer 13

From incision to near completion of procedure

Question 14

Emergence

Answer 14

When patient emerges from anesthesia and is ready to leave operating room

Question 15

Analgesia

Answer 15

Moderate sedation.

Also called conscious sedation and is used for short term, minimally invasive surgery (NOT INTUBATED) (Colonoscopy)

Question 16

Regional anesthesia

Answer 16

Anesthetic agent inject near nerve and is good for older adults. Patient is awake and loses feeling in area (Spinal epidural)

Question 17

Nerve blocks include:

Answer 17

Major nerve (Peripheral): Jaw and face
Spinal anesthesia (Subarachnoid): Lumbar puncture (hypotension and headaches)
Caudal anesthesia (Pudendal): Lower abdomen
Epidural anesthesia: C-section
Topical and Local anesthesia: Numb, used of mucous membranes and opens skin, wounds or burns

Question 18

CHANGE PATIENTS POSITION

Answer 18

EVERY TWO HOURS

Question 19

Normal WBC count

Answer 19

5,000 – 10,000

Question 20

Normal RBC count (platelets)

Answer 20

100,000 – 400,000

Question 21

Anticoagulants

Answer 21

Anticoagulants aspirin, heparin– increases hemorrhage

Question 22

Adrenal Steroids

Answer 22

abrupt withdrawal causes cardiovascular collapse

Question 23

Tranquilizers

Answer 23

increase hypotension (lowers BP)

Question 24

Antibiotics mycin

Answer 24

Respiratory paralysis when combined with muscle relaxant

Question 25

Incentive spirometers

Answer 25

Several times per hour we have the patients use the incentive spirometer after surgery (up to 10 times an hour). We also ask the patient to cough. This is done so they exercise their lungs after surgery.

Question 26

Sedatives

Answer 26

valium – alleviates anxiety, decreases recall of events of surgery

Question 27

Anticholinergics

Answer 27

Allergy medicine, Atropine – decreases pulmonary and oral secretions. Makes mouth dry

Question 28

Narcotic Analgesic

Answer 28

morphine

sedation and relaxation, decreases amount of anesthesia needed

Question 29

Neuroleptanalgesic agents

Answer 29

Innovar

causes state of calmness and sleepiness

Question 30

Histamine 2 receptor blockers or antihistamines

Answer 30

Zantac – decreases gastric acidity and volume

Question 31

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 31

inflammation of vein due to blood clot

Question 32

Pulmonary Embolus (PE)

Answer 32

foreign object lodges in small vessel, causes feeling of doom

Question 33

Diuretics

Answer 33

Electrolyte imbalances, respiratory depression from anesthesia