Chapter 43

Question 1

Actual loss

Answer 1

can be recognized by others

Question 2

Perceived loss

Answer 2

is felt by person but intangible to others

Question 3

Maturational loss

Answer 3

experienced as a result of natural developmental process

Question 4

Situational loss

Answer 4

experienced as a result of an unpredictable event

Question 5

Anticipatory loss

Answer 5

loss has not yet taken place

Question 6

Grief

Answer 6

internal emotional reaction to loss

Question 7

Bereavement

Answer 7

state of grieving from loss of a loved one

Question 8

Uniform Definition of Death

Answer 8

An individual who has sustained either (1) irreversible cessation of all functions of circulatory and respiratory functions or (2) irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem, is dead.

Question 9

Medical criteria used to certify a death

Answer 9

cessation of breathing, no response to deep painful stimuli, and lack of reflexes (such as the gag or corneal reflex) and spontaneous movement, flat encephalogram.

Question 10

Clinical Signs of Impending Death

Answer 10

Difficulty talking
swallowing
Nausea, flatus, abdominal distention
Urinary and/or bowel incontinence or constipation
Loss of movement, sensation, and reflexes
Decreasing body temperature, with cold or clammy skin
Weak, slow, or irregular pulse
Decreasing blood pressure
Noisy, irregular, or Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Restlessness and/or agitation
Cooling, mottling, and cyanosis of the extremities and dependent areas

Question 11

Advance Directives

Answer 11

Indicate:

• who will make decisions for the patient if unable
• the kind of medical treatment the patient wants or doesn’t want.
• how comfortable the patient wants to be.
• how the patient wants to be treated by others.
• what the patient wants loved ones to know.

Question 12

Living Wills

Answer 12

provide specific instructions about kinds of healthcare that should be provided or foregone situations.

Question 13

Durable Power of Attorney

Answer 13

appoints an agent the person trusts to make decisions in the event of subsequent incapacity

Question 14

Active and Passive euthanasia

Answer 14

Active- taking specific steps to cause a pt’s death- doing something to cause death.
Passive- withdrawing medical treatment with the intention of causing death.

Question 15

Postmortem Care of the Body

Answer 15

Prepare the body for discharge.
Place the body in anatomic position, replace dressings, and remove tubes (unless there is an autopsy scheduled).
Place identification tags on the body.
Follow local law if patient died of communicable disease