Chapter 24

Question 1

An infection occurs as a result of

Answer 1

a cyclic process, consisting of six components

Question 2

• Bacteria

Answer 2

Cocci (Spherical), Bacilli (rod shaped), or Spirochetes (Corkscrew shaped).

Question 3

Bacteria’s that require oxygen

Answer 3

Aerobic

Question 4

Bacteria’s that can live without oxygen

Answer 4

Anaerobic

Question 5

gram positive

Answer 5

Thick cell wall and resist decolorization (loss of color) and are stained violet

Question 6

gram negative

Answer 6

have chemically more complex cell walls and can be decolorized by alcohol (Don’t stain).

Question 7

Virus

Answer 7

Smallest of all microorganisms, visible only with an electron microscope. Causes infections (common cold, hepatitis B and C, AIDS

Question 8

Reservoir

Answer 8

Natural Habitat of the organism (Where they grow) other people, animals, soil, food, water, milk, and inanimate objects are all possible reservoirs.

Question 9

Portal of exit

Answer 9

The point of escape for the organism (How it gets out) In humans, common portals of exit include the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, as well as breaks in the skin. Blood and tissue can also be portals of exit for pathogens.

Question 10

Incubation

Answer 10

organisms grow and multiply (the interval between the pathogen’s invasion of the body and the appearance of symptoms of infection)

Question 11

Prodromal

Answer 11

Person is most infectious (you feel like your coming down with something and font feel right) MOST CONTAGIOUS STAGE Ex: low grade fever, fatigue

Question 12

Full stage of illness

Answer 12

presence of specific signs/symptoms) Ex: Fever, chicken pox, begins to show

Question 13

Convalescent

Answer 13

recovery from infection

Question 14

The inflammatory response includes

Answer 14

redness (vascular, dilation of vessels), heat (Vascular, dilation of vessels), swelling (Increased blood flow and histamine), pain, or loss of function. (Normal response to infection: low grade fever, slightly red)

Question 15

Dilation in the blood vessels increase

Answer 15

blood flow

Question 16

WBC count

Answer 16

Normal is 5,000-10,000/mm^3

Question 17

Transient bacteria

Answer 17

Attached loosely on skin and removed with relative ease (Easy to get off)

Question 18

Resident bacteria

Answer 18

Found in creases in skin and required friction with brush to remove

Question 19

HAI

Answer 19

Healthcare associated Infections (HAI) is the new term for Nosocomial infections

Question 20

Four categories responsible for HAIs

Answer 20

1. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)
2. Surgical site infection (SSI)
3. Central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
4. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

Question 21

Airborne Precautions

Answer 21

CAN be spread through air, breathing. TB, Varicella (Chicken pox), Measles (Rubeola) (Private room, negative pressure room, N95 mask, gown and gloves)

Question 22

Droplet Precautions

Answer 22

3 feet or less

Can be spread through sneeze or spit. Rubella, mumps, influenza (mask, gown, gloves, private room)

Question 23

Rubeola

Answer 23

more severe viral infection of measles- dry cough, fever, runny nose. -requires airborne precautions (RED RASH)

Question 24

Rubella

Answer 24

The less severe viral infection referred to as German measles; include enlarged lymph nodes, lasts about 3 days. -requires droplet precautions (RED RASH)

Question 25

Contact Precautions

Answer 25

MRSA, C. dif (Gown and gloves)

Question 26

Neutropenic Precautions

Answer 26

private room, mask to protect patient

patient had low WBC count, Immune system depressed

Question 27

Aseptic Technique

Answer 27

Includes all activities to prevent or break the chain of infection

Question 28

Medical Asepsis

Answer 28

Clean technique (clean hand hygiene and wearing gloves), reduces microorganisms

Question 29

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 29

Sterile technique (sterile gloves). Sterile touches sterile, hands above waist, can’t turn back, I inch border of sterile field is considered contaminated. Free of microorganisms