Chapter 56: Conservation Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Chapter 56

What is conservation biology?

A

seeks to conserve biological diversity at all fields; integrating several fields: ecology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, etc…

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2
Q

Chapter 56

What are the three main components of biodiversity?

A
  1. genetic diversity
  2. species diveristy
  3. ecosystem diversity
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3
Q

Chapter 56

What is genetic diversity?

A
  • comprises genetic variation within a population & between populations
  • extinction reduces genetic diversity
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4
Q

Chapter 56

What is species diversity?

A
  • def: variety of species in an ecosystem
  • endangered: one that in danger of extinction
  • threatened: likely to become endangered
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5
Q

Chapter 56

What is ecosystem diveristy?

A
  • the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere
  • human activity is reducing this diversity
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6
Q

Chapter 56

What is human biophilia?

A

it allows us to recognize the value of biodiveristy for its own sake

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7
Q

Chapter 56

What are ecosystem services?

A
  • def: encompasses all the processes in which natural ecosystems & their species help sustain human life
  • examples:
    purification of air & water
    detoxification & decomposition of wastes
    crop pollination, pest control, & soil preservation
    moderation of weather extremes
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8
Q

Chapter 56

What are the four main threats of biodiveristy?

A
  1. habitat loss
  2. intoduced species
  3. overharvesting
  4. global change
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9
Q

Chapter 56

Describe habitat loss

A
  • human alteration of habitat
  • greatest threat to biodiveristy
  • smaller populations in habitat fragments are more vulnerable to extinchtion
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10
Q

Chapter 56

Describe introduced species

A
  • humans move them from native locations to new regions
  • consequently, they can spread rapidly
  • these species can disrupt community by preying on or outcompeting native organisms
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11
Q

Chapter 56

Describe overharvesting

A
  • human harvesting at rates that exceed ability of their populations to rebound
  • species w/ restricted habitats & large organisms w/ low reproductive rates
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12
Q

Chapter 56

Describe global change

A
  • includes alterations in climate, atmospherc chemistry & broad ecological systems
  • ex: acid precipitation (ph < 5.2); can be caused by air pollution
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13
Q

Chapter 56

What two approaches do biologists correlate to conservation?

A
  • small population approach
  • declining population approach
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14
Q

Chapter 56

What is the small population approach?

A
  • studies processes that cause extinction once population size have reduced
  • small population is prone to inbreeding and genetic drfit and loss of genetic variation
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15
Q

Chapter 56

What is declining population approach?

A
  • focuses on threatened & endangered populations that show a downward trend
  • emphasized environmental factors that caused population to decline
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