Chapter 53: Population Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Chapter 53

What is population ecology

A
  • how biotic & abiotic factors influence abundance, dispersion & age structure of populations
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2
Q

Chapter 53

What is the difference between density and dispersion?

A
  • density: # of individuals per unit area or volume (#/area)
  • dispersion: pattern of spacing among indivduals wihtin boundaries of population
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3
Q

Chapter 53

What is the market capture method?

A
  • estimates population size
  • 1st capture: # of captured & tagged
  • 2nd capture: ratio is set with # of tagged from 2nd capture over # of actual capture
  • find “N”
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4
Q

Chapter 53

What are the three patterns of dispersion?

A
  • Clumped: individuals gather in patches; influenced by resource availability, maitng beahvior, etc…
  • Uniform: individuals are evenly distributed; influenced by territorality (defense of bounded space)
  • Random: position of each individual is independent of other individuals; influenced by absence of strong attractions
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5
Q

Chapter 53

What are some factors that affect population growth?

A
  • Birth rate - add individuals to a population
  • Death rate - remove individuals from a population
  • Immigration(in)/emmigration(out)
    metapopulations: group of populations linked by emmigration & immigration
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6
Q

Chapter 53

What is demographics?

A

study of statistics of a population and how they change over time

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7
Q

Chapter 53

What is a life table?

A
  • age specific summart of survival & reproductive rates in a population
  • follows fate of cohort (individuals of the same age
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8
Q

Chapter 53

What is the relationship between a suvivorship curve and a life table?

A

this curve is the graphic way of representing the data of a life table
3 classifications:
1. type i: low death rate in early & middle life; high in elderly
2. type ii: constant death rate
3. type iii: high death rate early & low in survivors/elderly

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9
Q

Chapter 53

What is the mathematic expression of population growth rate?

A

change in N/change in T = B - D or R
N: population size
T: time interval
B: # of births
D: # of deaths

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10
Q

Chapter 53

What is exponentioal population growth?

A
  • population growth under idealized conditions
  • populations may increase in size by a constant proportion at each instant
  • equation: dN/dt = rN (r: rate of exponential increase/growth)
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11
Q

Chapter 53

What is carrying capacity (K)?

A

max population size environment can support

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12
Q

Chapter 53

What is the logistic population growth model?

A
  • per capita rate of population growth approaches zero as population size nears “K”
  • produces S-shaped curve
  • dN/dt = rN(K-N/K)
  • when N=K, population stops growing
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13
Q

Chapter 53

What is an organism’s life history?

A

comprises traits that affect reproduction
* three main components:
1. age at first reproduction
2. how often organism reproduxed
3. # of offspring per reproductive episode

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14
Q

Chapter 53

What is the difference between semelparity & iteroparity?

A
  • semelparity: reproduce once & die
  • iteroparity: reproduce repreatedly
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15
Q

Chapter 53

What is the difference between density-independent & density-dependent populations?

A
  • density-independent: birth & death rate do not change w/ population density
  • density-dependent: birth rates fall & death rates rise w/ rising population density
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16
Q

Chapter 53

What does increasing population density intensify?

A
  • competition which leads to lower birth rate
  • disease: rapid spread of pathogens
  • predation increases
17
Q

Chapter 53

What is population dynamics?

A

interactions between biotic & abiotic factors that cause variation in population size