Chapter 53 Vocabulary Flashcards

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0
Q

Density

A

Number of individuals (in a population) per unit area or volume: The number of oak trees per square kilometer in the Minnesota county or the number of Escherichia coli bacteria per milliliter it a test tube

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1
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area

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2
Q

Dispersion

A

The pattern of spacing among individuals within boundaries of the population

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3
Q

Mark-recapture method

A

A sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal populations by either marking or just locating animals using another method

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4
Q

Immigration

A

The influx of new individuals from other areas

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5
Q

Emigration

A

The movement of individuals out of the population and into other locations

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6
Q

Territoriality

A

The defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals

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7
Q

Demography

A

The study of vital statistics of populations and how they change over time

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8
Q

Life tables

A

Age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population

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9
Q

Cohort

A

A group of individuals of the same age, from birth until all of the individuals are dead

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10
Q

Survivorship curve

A

A plot of the proportion of numbers in a cohort still alive at each age

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11
Q

Reproductive table (or fertility schedule)

A

Age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population, constructed by measuring reproductive output of a cohort from birth until death

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12
Q

Zero population growth (ZPG)

A

Occurs when the per capita birth and death rates are equal (r=0). Births and deaths still occur, just balanced

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13
Q

Exponential population growth (or geometric population growth)

A

Population whose members all have access to abundant food and are free to reproduce at their physiological capacity, per capita rate of increase may assume the maximum rate for the species, denoted as rmax

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14
Q

Carrying capacity (K)

A

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain, can vary over space and time with abundance of limiting resources

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15
Q

Logistic population growth

A

Per capita rate of increase approaches zero as the carrying capacity is reached

16
Q

Life history

A

The traits that affect an organism schedule of reproduction and survival make this up, and it entails three main variables: when reproduction begins, how often the organism reproduces, and how many offspring are produced per reproductive episode

17
Q

Semelparity

A

“One–shot” pattern of big-bang reproduction occurs in some plants such as the agave or “century plant”, single reproductive episode before death. One time reproduction only

18
Q

Iteroparity

A

Repeated production

19
Q

K-selection

A

Density dependent selection

20
Q

r–selection

A

Density independent selection

21
Q

Density independent

A

A birthrate or death that does not change with population density

22
Q

Population dynamics

A

Population fluctuations from year to year or place to place, influenced by many factors and in turn affect other species, including our own

23
Q

Metapopulation

A

Links local populations, a group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration

24
Q

Demographic transition

A

In a stable population, a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

25
Q

Age structure

A

The relative number of individuals of each age in the population

26
Q

Ecological footprint

A

Summarizes the aggregate land and water area required by each person, city, or nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates

27
Q

Allee effect

A

Individuals may have a more difficult time surviving or reproducing if the population size is too small

28
Q

Infant mortality

A

The number of infant deaths per 1000 live births

29
Q

Life expectancy at birth

A

The predicted average length of life at birth