Chapter 53 Vocabulary

Question 0

Density

Answer 0

Number of individuals (in a population) per unit area or volume: The number of oak trees per square kilometer in the Minnesota county or the number of Escherichia coli bacteria per milliliter it a test tube

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

A group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area

Question 2

Dispersion

Answer 2

The pattern of spacing among individuals within boundaries of the population

Question 3

Mark-recapture method

Answer 3

A sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal populations by either marking or just locating animals using another method

Question 4

Immigration

Answer 4

The influx of new individuals from other areas

Question 5

Emigration

Answer 5

The movement of individuals out of the population and into other locations

Question 6

Territoriality

Answer 6

The defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals

Question 7

Demography

Answer 7

The study of vital statistics of populations and how they change over time

Question 8

Life tables

Answer 8

Age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population

Question 9

Cohort

Answer 9

A group of individuals of the same age, from birth until all of the individuals are dead

Question 10

Survivorship curve

Answer 10

A plot of the proportion of numbers in a cohort still alive at each age

Question 11

Reproductive table (or fertility schedule)

Answer 11

Age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population, constructed by measuring reproductive output of a cohort from birth until death

Question 12

Zero population growth (ZPG)

Answer 12

Occurs when the per capita birth and death rates are equal (r=0). Births and deaths still occur, just balanced

Question 13

Exponential population growth (or geometric population growth)

Answer 13

Population whose members all have access to abundant food and are free to reproduce at their physiological capacity, per capita rate of increase may assume the maximum rate for the species, denoted as rmax

Question 14

Carrying capacity (K)

Answer 14

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain, can vary over space and time with abundance of limiting resources

Question 15

Logistic population growth

Answer 15

Per capita rate of increase approaches zero as the carrying capacity is reached

Question 16

Life history

Answer 16

The traits that affect an organism schedule of reproduction and survival make this up, and it entails three main variables: when reproduction begins, how often the organism reproduces, and how many offspring are produced per reproductive episode

Question 17

Semelparity

Answer 17

“One–shot” pattern of big-bang reproduction occurs in some plants such as the agave or “century plant”, single reproductive episode before death. One time reproduction only

Question 18

Iteroparity

Answer 18

Repeated production

Question 19

K-selection

Answer 19

Density dependent selection

Question 20

r–selection

Answer 20

Density independent selection

Question 21

Density independent

Answer 21

A birthrate or death that does not change with population density

Question 22

Population dynamics

Answer 22

Population fluctuations from year to year or place to place, influenced by many factors and in turn affect other species, including our own

Question 23

Metapopulation

Answer 23

Links local populations, a group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration

Question 24

Demographic transition

Answer 24

In a stable population, a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

Question 25

Age structure

Answer 25

The relative number of individuals of each age in the population

Question 26

Ecological footprint

Answer 26

Summarizes the aggregate land and water area required by each person, city, or nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates

Question 27

Allee effect

Answer 27

Individuals may have a more difficult time surviving or reproducing if the population size is too small

Question 28

Infant mortality

Answer 28

The number of infant deaths per 1000 live births

Question 29

Life expectancy at birth

Answer 29

The predicted average length of life at birth