Chapter 34 Vocabulary Flashcards
Chordates
Bilaterian animals
Vertebrates
Derive their name from vertebrae, the series of bones that make up the vertebral column, or backbone
Notochord
A longitudinal, flexible rod located between the digestive tube and nerve cord
Pharyngeal clefts
A series of pouches separated by grooves that form along the sides of the pharynx
Pharyngeal slits
Grooves that develop into slits that open to the outside of the body. Allow water entering the mouth to exit the body without passing through the entire digestive tract
Lancelets
Blade like shape. Most basal group of living Chordates
Somites
Blocks of mesoderm which muscle segments develop from
Tunicates
More closely related to other Chordates than are lancelets. A marine invertebrate of a group that includes the sea squirt and salps. They have a rubbery or hard outer coat and two siphons to draw water into and out of the body
Craniates
Chordates with a head
Neural crest
A collection of cells that appears near the dorsal margins of the closing neural tube in an embryo. These cells disperse throughout the body, where they give rise to a variety of structures
Conodonts
Slender, soft bodied vertebrates with prominent eyes controlled by numerous muscles
Gnathostomes
Diverse group that includes sharks and their relatives, refined fishes, lobe finned fishes, amphibians, reptiles (including birds) and mammals
Lateral line system
Organs that form a row along each side of the body and are sensitive to vibrations in the surrounding water
Placoderms
Earliest gnathostomes in the fossil record include extinct lineages of armored vertebrates
Acanthodians
Jawed vertebrates
Chondrichthyans
“Cartilage fish”, have a skeleton composed predominantly of cartilage, though often impregnated with calcium
Spiral valve
A corkscrew-shaped ridge that increases surface area and prolongs the passage of food through the digestive tract
Oviparous
Laying eggs that hatch outside the mother’s body
Ovoviviparous
Retain the fertilized eggs in the oviduct
Viviparous
The young develop within the uterus and obtain nourishment prior to birth by receiving nutrients from the mother’s blood through a yolk sac placenta, by absorbing a nutritious fluid produced by the uterus, or by eating other eggs