Chapter 29 Vocabulary Flashcards
Peroxisome enzymes
The peroxisomal’s of both land plants and carophytes contain enzymes that help minimize the loss of organic products resulting from photorespiration
Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
The cells of both land plants and carophytes have these distinctive circular rings of proteins in the plasma membrane. These protein ring synthesize the cellulose microfibrils of the cell walls
Structure of flagellated sperm
In species of land plants that have flagellated sperm, the structure of the sperm closely resembles that of carophyte sperm
Formation of phragmoplast
A group of microtubules that form between the daughter nuclei of a dividing cell
Sporopollenin
A layer of durable polymer and carophytes that prevents expose zygotes from drying out
Alternation of generations
The lifecycles of all land plants alternate between two generations of multicellular organisms: gametophytes and sporophytes. Each generation gives rise to the other eggs and sperm – that fuse during fertilization, forming diploid set zygotes
Gametophyte
Gamete – producing plant. Named for its production by mitosis of haploid gametes – eggs and sperm – that fuse during fertilization, forming diploid zygotes
Sporophyte
Spore – producing plant
Spores
Reproductive cells that can develop into new haploid organisms without fusing another cell
Placental transfer cells
Sometimes present in the adjacent maternal tissue as well, which enhance the transfer of nutrients from parents to embryo through elaborate in growths of the wall surface (plasma membrane and cell wall)
Embryophytes
The multicellular, dependent embryo of land plants is such a significant derived traits that land plants are also known as embryophytes
Sporangia
Sporophyte multicellular organs that produce spores
Sporocytes
Spore mother cells, diploid, that undergo meiosis and generate the haploid spores
Gametangia
Another feature distinguishing early land plants from there algal ancestors was the production of gametes with and multicellular organs called gametangia
Archegonia
Female gametangia are also called archegonia
Antheridia
Produce sperm and release them into the environment
Apical meristems
Localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots
Cuticle
Epidermis in many species have a covering which consists of wax and other polymers
Mycorrhizae
Formed symbiotic associations with fungi similar in structure to beneficial associations observed today between plants and fungi
Secondary compounds
Products of secondary metabolic pathways – side branches off the primary metabolic pathways that produce the lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and other compounds common to all organisms
Vascular tissue
Cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body
Vascular plants
Most presents – day plants have a complex vascular tissue system and are therefore called vascular plants
Bryophytes
Mass plant. Non– vascular plants
Lykophytes
Club mosses and their relatives