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US History 2 > Chapter 53 > Flashcards

Chapter 53 Flashcards

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1
Q

date for benchmark in war?

A

April 29, 1975

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2
Q

What happened on April 29, 1975? This was the last phase in evacuating US civilians out of Saigon

A

Operation Frequent Wind (also the day that VietnamWho closed)

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3
Q

Place where South Vietnamese fleeing the communist armies. Some climbed into boats and US ships while others scattered

A

Saigon

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4
Q

National Security adviser who Nixon relied heavily on

A

henry kissinger

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5
Q

what 2 points did kissinger agree on with nixon/

A
  1. war was unwinnable

2. US couldn’t just “Cut and run”

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6
Q

What quote did they say they have to use/tactic

A

“Peace with honor”

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7
Q

Nixon decides on what approach that combines actions that reward the carrot with actions that punish the stick?

A

Carrot and stick approach

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8
Q

Nixon sends Kissinger to where to negotiate with Vietnamese?

A

Paris; tries to negotiate to have bombs end if both north and US withdraw troops from South and recognize south vietname’s independence

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9
Q

Asian policy calling for each American ally to accept primary responsibility for providing soldiers for its own defense; process of withdrawing US troops and preparing South for war

A

Vietnamization

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10
Q

3 goals for Vietnamization

A

self gov
self dev
self defense

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11
Q

US troops peaked to what number by March 1969?

A

543,000

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12
Q

Nixon’s new strategy to make North’s leaders, USSR and China to believe that he could do anything to win the war (nixon’s bluffing)

A

Madman Theory

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13
Q

Why does his madman theory seem so possible?

A

He already secretly ordered B-52s to begin bombing Cambodia (a neutral nation on Vietnam’s west order); THIS WAS TOLD 1 YEAR LATER TO US CITIZENS

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14
Q

Plan for nixon’s ground forces

A

invade Cambodia with goal of invading US force to destroy enem “safe havens” from NVA and Viet Cong forces

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15
Q

Did his plan succeed?

A

partially; no succeed: communists boycotted Paris talks until US troops left Cambodia 3 months later

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16
Q

February 1971: Nixon does what?

A

launches invasion on Laos (ARVN ground fighting with US air support)

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17
Q

Journalist who published an article about My Lai in South Vietnam which had been covered up by military

A

Seymour Hersh

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18
Q

My Lai Massacre

A

US soldiers thoughts My Lai was a strong Viet Cong HQ, and did search and destroy mission. Turns out, it was just civilians.

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19
Q

how many civilians did US kill in My Lai Massacre?

A

500

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20
Q

peace activists stage the biggest antiwar protest in US history on this day

A

Vietnam Moratorium day

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21
Q

word meaning suspension of activity

A

moratorium

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22
Q

This person was accused of killing 22 Vietnam civilians during massacre. he was then pardoned by president

A

William Claley

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23
Q

what happens in Kent State Unviersity in Ohio while holding peace really? (what was this event calle)

A

Kent State Shooting

24
Q

what happened at the Kant State shooting?

A

burning of the army’s ROTC building on campus (4 killed, 9 wounded)

25
Q

who supported war because they were disgusted by unpatriotism and disruptiveness?

A

construction workers

26
Q

The Dept. of Defense official leaked top-secret studies to the NY Times

A

Daniel Ellsberg

27
Q

What were these top-secret studies called?

A

Pentagon Papers; it made congress look like a fool

28
Q

Whom did he leak it to?

A

NY Times

29
Q

what was this case called that was the result of the pentagon papers?

A

NY Times Co. vs US

30
Q

ruling for this case?

A

6-4 against government, in favor of free speech; GOV DOES NOT NEED REStRAInt to prevent speech before publicaiton

31
Q

What happened in 1970? (What was repealed)

A

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

32
Q

date for Kent State shooting?

A

May 4, 1970

33
Q

when does Congress forbid US troops form operating outside South Vietnam?

A

Feb. 1971

34
Q

what does congress find out about a bombing by nixon?

A

Nixon bombs Cambodia without congressional approval

35
Q

What was passed in response to Cambodia’s secret bombing?

A

War Powers Resolution (law stricting limits on president’s power to use armed forces in hsotilities without congressional authorization)q

36
Q

how many soldiers were left?

A

6,000

37
Q

NOW, US contours invasion by:

A
  1. unleashing US bombers on NOrth Vietnam

2. mining of Haiphong and North V. Ports where war supplies from USSR and China arrived

38
Q

nixon’s competitor in presidential election?

A

George McGovern (antiwar senator)

39
Q

what does nixon launch on Dec 14?

A

Christmas Bombings (B-52 and fighter bomber attacks on Hanoi and Haiphong)

40
Q

january 27, 1973, what happens?

A

Viet COng sign the Paris Peace Accords

  1. established 17th parallel division
  2. withdrew US trops and released all US prisoners of war back to US
41
Q

term used to say person was once jailed by enemy

A

Prisoner of War

42
Q

missing in action

A

MIA

43
Q

POWs lived in

A

solitary confinement

44
Q

NVA launches what tactic after peace treaty?

A

All-Out Offensive

45
Q

who said “America can regain the pride existing before Vietnam. But it can’t be achieved by refighting a war that is finished as far as America is concerned.”

A

President Gerald Ford (after NixON)

46
Q

which president of south resigned and fled 9 days before invasion?

A

Pres. Thieu

47
Q

Who replaced president thieu and surrendered south?

A

Pres. Duong Van Minh

48
Q

who was the last president orchestrating Vietnam?

A

Gerald Ford

49
Q

US dropped 3 times as many bombs in Vietnam than in __?

A

WWII

50
Q

people who sailed away from Vietnam and 1/2 didnt make it to land

A

boat people

51
Q

reluctance to become involved in overseas conflicts for fear of getting stuck in another quagmire

A

vietnam syndrome

52
Q

president who was once a fierce war hawk and turned into a dove

A

Robert McNamara

53
Q

person who believed we could’ve won the war but fear of China and USSR stopped us

A

William Westmoreland

54
Q

person who wrote books/articles critically of US foreign policy and of corporate capitalism (believed we needed a socialist revolution)

A

David Horowitz

55
Q

of soldiers returned

A

300,000

56
Q

of presidents involved in Vietnam War?

A

6

US History 2 (8 decks)

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