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US History 2 > Chapter 46 > Flashcards

Chapter 46 Flashcards

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1
Q

James Meredith

A

1st African American; graduate of Univ. of Mississippi

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2
Q

Stokely Carmichael

A

young leader of the SNCC who promoted violence

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3
Q

Who led the MARCH AGAINST FEAR?

A

James Meredith

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4
Q

How long was the march against fear?

A

from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi to stand up for their rights by registering to vote

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5
Q

What happened to James Meredith after the march?

A

He was shot but survived

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6
Q

Who promoted black power?

A

Stokely Carmichael

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7
Q

James Baldwin

A

published an essay on what it was like to be black in the US

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8
Q

GHETTO

A

part of a city where people belonging to a single ethnic group live

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9
Q

Where was the Watts Riot?

A

Watts, LA; Af. Am. ghetto

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10
Q

How did the Watts Riot end?

A

14,000 National Guards were sent to Watts to restore order

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11
Q

Where was the riot in NJ that lasted for 6 days?

A

Newark

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12
Q

What did President Lyndon Johnson establish?

A

National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders/KERNER COMMISSION

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13
Q

What was the Kerner Commission for?

A

examine the cause of riots, later discovering blacks dont have equal pay

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14
Q

Which 2 factors contributed to Af. Am. discrimination when it was investigated by Kerner Commission?

A

Social and economic despair

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15
Q

What/who’s teachings did Malcolm Little follow?

A

Elijah Muhammed

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16
Q

What did Malcolm Little establish? What did it do?

A

Nation of Islam/Black Muslims (began integrating Muslims of all colors)

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17
Q

BLACK NATIONALISM

A

doctrine that called for complete separation from white society; independent

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18
Q

Who established black nationalism?

A

Nation of Islam

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19
Q

Where did Macolm go to convert to orthodox Islam and begin to reach out to people of all races, making broader calls for human rights?

A

Mecca

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20
Q

What happened to Malcolm when he returned to the US?

A

Assassinated at NYC by 3 members of the Nation of Islam

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21
Q

What was black power?

A

political and economic power, pride in being black

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22
Q

What did Carmichael convert?

A

SNCC from an integrated organization to an all-black organization

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23
Q

Bobby Seale and Huey Newton

A

found the Black Panther Party in Oakland, Cali

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24
Q

What did Bobby Seale and Huey Newton develop?

A

10-point platform for freedom, power,goals

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25
Q

What method did the Black Panther Party promote to conquer discrimination?

A

RADICAL APPROACH: Shot at? Shoot back. This caused FBI to intervene

26
Q

What war was going on during the fight for civil rights?

A

Vietname War

27
Q

PLEBISCIT

A

vote on a question of importance among Af. Am. to determine the “will of black people as to their national destiny”

28
Q

How did blacks shape public policy?

A

political process known as VOTER REGISTRATION DRIVES

29
Q

Who was the 1st black senator since 1881?

A

Edward Brooke of Massachusetts

30
Q

1st black woman to win election to the House of Rep (1968)

A

Shirley Chisholm of NY

31
Q

African Americans of the House of Representatives started what?

A

Congressional Black Caucas

32
Q

What did the congressional Black Caucas do?

A

worked to address legislative concerns of Af. Am. citizens

33
Q

1st black mayof of the major US city

A

Carl Stokes of Cleveland, Ohio

34
Q

1st black mayor of LA; how did he win?

A

Tom Bradley; he joined inner-city blacks, Jews, business and labor leaders; he was elected 4 times (20 years of being mayor)

35
Q

1st black Supreme Court justice

A

Thurgood Marshall

36
Q

AFROCENTRISM

A

taking pride on African heritage such as history, culture, achievements, and descendants

37
Q

Afros

A

African hairstyles

38
Q

Kwanzaa

A

holiday taking place each year between Dec. 26-Jan 1 to celebrate 7 principles including faith, creativity, unity

39
Q

Af. Am poet

A

Nikki Giovanni

40
Q

af am novelists

A

Maya Angelous, Toni Morrison, Alice Walker

41
Q

Roots TV show based on who’s novel

A

Alex Haley

42
Q

Where was MLK shot? When?

A

March 31, 1968 at Memphis, Tennessee to support sanitation workers’ strike

43
Q

What shift did MLK make in his focus?

A

from politics to economic equality

44
Q

Where did Af. Am. join realtors and bankers to encourage housing?

A

Chicago

45
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1968

A

fair housing; stopped de facto seg

46
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

promote school desegregation

47
Q

Alexander v. Holmes Country Board of Ed

A

segregated Mississippi school district integration

48
Q

Swann v. Charlotte-Meklenburg Board of Ed *

A

North Carolina; students now were able to bus to school outside of neighborhoods to create more racially balanced schools

49
Q

Chief Justice Warren Burger

A

“Desegregation can’t be limited to walk-in schools” (Swann. v. Charlotte-M Board of Ed)

50
Q

Where was the resistance strongest to desegregation?

A

South Boston

51
Q

1st integration

A

south Boston High School in Boston; 90% of whites boycotted classes and trapped Af. Am. inside

52
Q

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

A

President Johnson: policy called on employers to actively seek to increase the number of minorities in their workspace; company must reflect diversity of country

53
Q

President Richard Nixon

A

required written plans by gov. contractors in affirmative actions

54
Q

PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT

A

giving preference to a minority/gender

55
Q

Allan Bakke

A

challenged preferential treatment in univ. admissions; applied to University of Cali Davis Medical School

56
Q

University of Cali vs. Bakke

A

4-4: Lewis Powell thought race could be used as a criterion in choosing students but opposed the system of preferential treatment

57
Q

REVERSE DISCRIMINATION

A

rejected b/c he’s white

58
Q

Proposition 209

A

State shall not discriminate against/grant preferential treatment o group based on race, sex, color, ethnicity, national origin in operation of public employment, education, contracting

59
Q

Shelby Stells

A

Af. Am. are inferior and need help; studied drawbacks and benefits of affirmative action programs

60
Q

Coretta Scott King

A

wrote article opposing measure of proposition 209 (supported affirmative action, which was having an even # of races)

US History 2 (8 decks)

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