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Biology 112 > Chapter 52- Population Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 52- Population Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area at the same time.

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2
Q

Population Ecology

A

The study of how and why the number of individuals in a population changes over time.

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3
Q

Immigration

A

When individuals enter a population by moving from another population.

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4
Q

Emigration

A

When individuals leave a population to join another population.

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5
Q

Demography

A

The study of factors that determine the size and structure of populations through time.

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6
Q

Generation

A

The average time between a mother’s first offspring and her daughter’s first offspring.

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7
Q

Life Table

A

Summarizes the probability that an individual will survive and reproduce in any given time interval over the course of its lifetime.

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8
Q

Survivorship

A

The proportion of offspring produced that survive, on average, to a particular age.

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9
Q

Cohort

A

A group of the same age that can be followed through time.

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10
Q

Survivorship Curve

A

The graph of a function/pattern of survivorship in a population.

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11
Q

Fecundity

A

The number of female offspring produced by each female in a population.

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12
Q

Age specific Fecundity

A

The average number of female offspring produced in age class x.

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13
Q

Age Class

A

A group of individuals of a specific age.

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14
Q

Fitness Trade-offs

A

Compromise between activities and traits that increase fitness or survival depending on how much energy required versus how much the organism has to use.

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15
Q

Life history

A

How an organism allocates resources to growth, reproduction, and activities or structures that are related to survival.

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16
Q

Intrinsic Rate of Increase

A

When birth rates are as high as possible and death rates per individual are as low as possible in a species.

17
Q

Exponential Population Growth

A

When growth rate, r, does not change for a population over time.

18
Q

Density Independent

A

Does not depend on the number of individuals in a population

19
Q

Population Density

A

The number of individuals per unit area

20
Q

Density Dependent

A

Dependent on the number of individuals in a population.

21
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The maximum number of individuals in a population that can be supported in a particular habitat over a sustained period of time.

22
Q

Logistic Population Growth

A

Changes in growth rate that occur as a function of population size.

23
Q

Finite Rate Increase

A

An observed growth rate over a period of time.

24
Q

Density Independent Factors

A

Alter birth rates and death rates irrespective of the number of individuals in the population and usually involve changes in the abiotic environment.

25
Q

Density Dependent Factors

A

Change in intensity as a function of population size and are usually biotic in nature.

26
Q

Metapopulation

A

A population of populations

27
Q

Population Dynamics

A

Changes in populations through time.

28
Q

Age Structure

A

The proportion of individuals that are at each possible age.

29
Q

Age Pyramid

A

A graph of the number of individuals in an age group of a species as a whole.

30
Q

Replacement Rate

A

The average fertility required for each woman to produce exactly enough offspring to replace herself and her offspring’s father.

31
Q

Zero Population Growth

A

When replacement rate is sustained for a generation and r=0

32
Q

Net Reproductive Rate

A

The growth rate of a population per generation.

33
Q

Per-Capita Rate of Increase

A

The difference between the birthrate and death rate per individual.

34
Q

Mark-Recapture Study

A

Study where individuals are marked and released and then as many as possible are recaptured.

Biology 112 (12 decks)

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