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Biology 112 > Chapter 32- Intro To Animals > Flashcards

Chapter 32- Intro To Animals Flashcards

0
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

A fiber composite between cells.

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1
Q

Animals

A

A monophyletic group of eukaryotes that are multicellular and are heterotrophs.

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2
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells; transmit electrical signals to other cells.

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3
Q

Model Organisms

A

Organisms studied in order to understand human biology.

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4
Q

Phyla

A

Major lineages of species.

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5
Q

Body Plan

A

The fundamental architecture of animal bodies.

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Tightly integrated structural and functional units of similar cells.

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7
Q

Epithelium

A

A layer of tightly joined cells that covers the surface.

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8
Q

Diploblasts

A

Animals whose embryos have two types of tissue.

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9
Q

Triploblasts

A

Animals whose embryos have three types of tissue.

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10
Q

Germ Layers

A

Layers of embryonic tissue.

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11
Q

Ectoderm

A

Gives rise to skin and the nervous system

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12
Q

Endoderm

A

Gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract.

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13
Q

Mesoderm

A

Gives rise to the circulatory system, muscle, and internal structures such as bone and most organs.

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14
Q

Nerve Net

A

Diffuse arrangement of nerve cells.

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15
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Neurons are clustered into one or more large tracts or cords that project throughout the body.

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16
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters of nerve cells.

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17
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

At least two planes of symmetry.

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18
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

One plane of symmetry.

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19
Q

Symmetry

A

Being divided by a plane in a way that the resulting pieces are nearly identical.

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20
Q

Asymmetry

A

Lacking any body symmetry.

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21
Q

Cephalization

A

The evolution of a head or anterior region where structures for feeding, sensing the environment, and processing information are concentrated.

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22
Q

Head

A

Anterior region containing sensory, feeding, and processing structures.

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23
Q

Brain

A

Mass of neurons in the head responsible for processing information from throughout the body.

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24
Coelem
A an enclosed, fluid-filled cavity that creates a container for the circulation of oxygen and nutrients.
25
Acoelomates
Triploblasts who do not have a coelem.
26
Coelomates
Triploblasts with a coelom.
27
Hydrostatic skeleton
A skeleton made of an enclosed fluid-filled chamber
28
Bilateria
Organisms that are bilaterally symmetrical.
29
Protostomes
The mouth develops before the anus.
30
Deuterostomes
The anus develops before the mouth.
31
Gastrulation
Formation of gut and embryonic germ layers.
32
Tube-within-a-tube Design
Body plan in which the basic animal body is a tube within a tube.
33
Worm
Animals with long, thin, tubelike bodies that lack limbs.
34
Sessile
Do not move.
35
Choanoflagellates
Protists that are the closest living relatives of animals.
36
Choanocytes
Feeding cells on a sponge
37
Ecdysozoans
Group of protostomes that grow by shedding their exoskeletons or outer coverings and expand their bodies.
38
Lophotrochozoans
Protostomes that grow continuously when conditions are good.
39
Segmentation
The presence of repeated body structures.
40
Vertebrates
Monophyletic group in Chordata that is defined by the presence of a skull.
41
Invertebrates
All animals that are not vertebrates.
42
Suspension Feeders
Capture food by filtering out or concentrating particles floating in water or drifting through the air.
43
Deposit Feeder
Ingests organic material that has been deposited within a substrate or on its surface.
44
Fluid Feeder
Suck or mop up liquids like nectar, plant sap, blood, or fruit juice.
45
Mass Feeders
Take chunks of food into their mouths.
46
Radula
A feeding structure that functions like a rasp or a file
47
Predators
Larger than prey and can kill them quickly.
48
Parasites
Smaller than prey and often harvest nutrients without causing death.
49
Endoparasites
Live inside their hosts and usually have simple, wormlike bodies.
50
Ectoparasites
Live outside their hosts and usually have limbs or mouthparts that allow them to grasp the host.
51
Viviparous
Gives birth to live young.
52
Oviparous
Deposite fertilized eggs.
53
Ovoviviparous
Retain eggs inside their body in early development and then give birth to live young.
54
Internal Fertilization
Takes place inside the body.
55
External fertilization
The fertilization of eggs outside the body.
56
Metamorphosis
A change from an immature body type to an adult body type.
57
Larvae
Look radically different from adults, live in different habitats, and eat different foods and have immature reproductive organs.
58
Juveniles
Look like adults and live the same but are sexually immature.
59
Adults
Reproductive stage of the life cycle
60
Hemimetabolous
Young are juveniles called nymphs that look like miniature adults.
61
Holometabolous
Young are larvae.
62
Pupa
A larvae that has secreted a protective case.
63
Nymph
A juvenile that looks like a smaller adult.
64
Pupation
When a pupa becomes an adult.
65
Polyp
A cessile form that reproduces asexually
66
Medusa
Free floating larval form that reproduces sexually.
67
Colony
A group of identical individuals that are physically attached.
68
Benthic
Live at the bottom of the ocean
69
Spicules
Stiff spikes of silica or calcium carbonate.
70
Mesoglea
A layer of scattered ectodermal cells in between ectoderm and endoderm cell layers in cnidarians.
71
Cnidocyte
A specialized cell that is used to capture prey by ejecting a barb.
72
Limb
A jointed or prehensile appendage usually used for locomotion.
73
Endoskeleton
An internal support structure composed of mineralized tissue.
74
Exoskeleton
An external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body.
75
Hydroids
A hydrozoan life stage in which the polyp is attached to a substrate or colony.
76
Cnidocyst
An organelle in a cnidocyte that produces toxin.
77
Porifera
Multicellular organisms that lack circulatory, nervous, and digestive systems.
78
Cnidaria
Organisms distinguished by their cnidocytes and medusa and polyp forms.
79
Anemone
Predatory cnidarians that lack medusa forms and digest larger prey with their polyps.
80
Corals
Invertabrate polyps that gather in colonies and have an exoskeleton.
81
Acoelomorpha
Soft-bodied marine animals that are free floating or live on other organisms.
82
Ctenophora
Organisms distinguished by the ciloa they use to swim.

Biology 112 (12 decks)

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