Chapter 34- Deuterostome Animals

Question 1

Oviparous

Answer 1

Egg-laying

Question 2

Viviparous

Answer 2

Give birth to live young

Question 3

Ovoviviparous

Answer 3

When the mother retains the egg inside her body and gives birth to live young.

Question 4

Placenta

Answer 4

An organ that is rich in blood vessels and facilitates a flow of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the developing offspring.

Question 5

Gestation

Answer 5

The development period of an embryo.

Question 6

Parental Care

Answer 6

Behavior by a parent that improves the ability of its offspring to survive.

Question 7

Lactation

Answer 7

The production of milk that is used to feed young.

Question 8

Mammary Glands

Answer 8

A structure unique to mammals that produces milk.

Question 9

Anadromous

Answer 9

When fish spend their adult lives in the ocean, but swim up streams in order to breed.

Question 10

Hagfish

Answer 10

An eel-like marine fish that lacks a vertebral column.

Question 11

Lamprey

Answer 11

An eel-like, parasitic fish with cartilage along its nerve cord.

Question 12

Chondrichthyes

Answer 12

A lineage of primarily marine fish distinguished by their reinforced cartilaginous skeletons.

Question 13

Actinopterygii

Answer 13

Fish with bony skeletons and fins supported by long, bony rods arranged in a ray pattern.

Question 14

Swim bladder

Answer 14

A gas-filled organ in bony fish that changes in volume to allow the fish to float.

Question 15

Teleostei

Answer 15

A lineage of ray-finned fish with jaws that can protrude from the mouth to grasp food.

Question 16

Coelacanth

Answer 16

Marine lobe-finned fish that prey on fish and live 150-700 meters below the surface of the water.

Question 17

Lungfish

Answer 17

A lobe-finned fish that has lungs and is capable of breathing air.

Question 18

Lobe-finned Fish

Answer 18

Fish that evolved 400 million years ago and have fins that have bony elements that extend down and fin and branch out, similar to tetrapod limbs.

Question 19

Tetrapods

Answer 19

The superclass of vertebrates that have four-limbs.

Question 20

Reptiles

Answer 20

A monophyletic group distinguished by skull openings through which jaw muscles pass and attach to the upper part of the skull.

Question 21

Amphibians

Answer 21

Tetrapod vertebrates that feed on land as adults, but reproduce in the water.

Question 22

Monotremes

Answer 22

Mammals that lay eggs and have lower metabolic rates than other mammals.

Question 23

Marsupials

Answer 23

Mammals that give birth to premature young that attach to their mother until they are large enough to move independently.

Question 24

Placental Mammals(Eutherians)

Answer 24

Mammals that give birth to relatively advanced young after a gestation period during which the young are nourished by the placenta.

Question 25

Prosimians

Answer 25

A group of primates consisting of small, nocturnal primates; lemurs, tarsiers, pottos, and lorises.

Question 26

Anthropoids

Answer 26

A group of more human-like primates, including the New World monkeys of Central and South America and the Old World Monkeys in Africa and Tropical Asia.

Question 27

Great Apes/ Hominids

Answer 27

Primates that are relatively large bodies, with long arms, short legs, and no tail

Question 28

Primates

Answer 28

Mammals that tend to have hands and feet for grasping, flattened nails instead of claws, color vision, relatively large brains, complex social behavior, and extensive parental care.

Question 29

Bipedal

Answer 29

Walking upright on two legs.

Question 30

Hominins

Answer 30

A monophyletic group comprising homo sapiens and more than a dozen extinct, bipedal relatives.

Question 31

Humans

Answer 31

Species in the genus Homo that have flatter and narrower faces, smaller jaws and teeth, and larger braincases than earlier hominins.

Question 32

Gracile Australopithecines

Answer 32

Small hominins that were slightly built and bipedal.

Question 33

Robust Australopithecines

Answer 33

Bipedal hominins that were the same height as Gracile Australopithecines, but weighed an estimated 20 pounds more.

Question 34

Cro-Magnons

Answer 34

30,000 year old population of humans that were accomplished painters and sculptors who buried their dead in carefully prepared graves.

Question 35

Neanderthal

Answer 35

Another species in the genus Homo that made art and buried their dead in a ceremonial fashion.

Question 36

Early Homo

Answer 36

Early members of the genus Homo that made tools out of stone.

Question 37

Recent Homo

Answer 37

Species of Homo with flatter faces, smaller teeth, and larger braincases than earlier Homo species.

Question 38

Out-of-Africa Hypothesis

Answer 38

A hypothesis of human evolution that suggests that modern humans originated from Africa and split into a group that colonized Europe and Russian and a group that eventually spread throughout the rest of the world.