Chapter 51- Behavioral Ecology

Question 0

Proximate(mechanistic) Causation

Answer 0

How actions occur in terms of the neurological, hormonal, and skeletal-muscular mechanisms involved.

Question 1

Behavior

Answer 1

The response to stimulus

Question 2

Ultimate(evolutionary) Causation

Answer 2

Why actions occur, based on their evolutionary consequences and history.

Question 3

Fixed Action Patterns

Answer 3

Highly inflexible, stereotyped behaviors

Question 4

Innate behaviors

Answer 4

Inherited behavior thay shows little variation based on learning or the individual’s condition.

Question 5

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Answer 5

The weighing of the costs and benefits of responding to a particular situation in various ways according to impact on fitness.

Question 6

Optimal Foraging

Answer 6

The method of foraging by animals that is most efficient.

Question 7

Migration

Answer 7

The long distance movement of a population associated with a change of seasons.

Question 8

Piloting

Answer 8

The use of familiar landmarks

Question 9

Compass Orientation

Answer 9

Movement oriented in a specific direction

Question 10

True Navigation

Answer 10

The ability to locate a specific place on Earth’s surface

Question 11

Circadian Clock

Answer 11

An internal clock that makntains a 24-hour rhythm of chemical activity.

Question 12

Communication

Answer 12

Any process by which a signal from one individual modifies the behavior of a recipient individual.

Question 13

Signal

Answer 13

Any information-containing behavior or characteristic.

Question 14

Altruism

Answer 14

Behavior that has a fitness cost to the individual exhibiting the behavior and a fitness benefit to the recipient of the behavior

Question 15

Kin Selection

Answer 15

Natural selection that acts through benefits to relatives.

Question 16

Coefficient of relatedness

Answer 16

The measure of how closely an actor and beneficiary are related.

Question 17

Hamilton’s Rule

Answer 17

Altruistic behavior is mostly likely when the benefits of the recipient are high, costs to the altruist are low, and the altruist and recipient are close relatives.

Question 18

Inclusive Fitness

Answer 18

The combination of direct and interect fitness components(direct fitness of own offspring and indirect of relatives’ offspring).

Question 19

Reciprocal Altruism

Answer 19

An exchange of fitness benefits that are separated in time.

Question 20

Releasers/Sign Stimuli

Answer 20

A stimulus from one animal to another that causes a particular response.

Question 21

Critical/Sensitive Period

Answer 21

An important stage of life where an organism acquires a particular developmental skill that will be indispensable in their life span.

Question 22

Cognition

Answer 22

The set of all mental abilities and processes related to knowledge.

Question 23

Causation

Answer 23

The relationship between cause and effect.

Question 24

Echolocation

Answer 24

The location of objects by reflected sound.

Question 25

Causation Learning

Answer 25

The ability to identify causation.

Question 26

Classical Conditioning

Answer 26

The learning of a new behavior via association.

Question 27

Imprinting

Answer 27

A learning process by which a young animal establishes a pattern of recognition and attraction to other animals of its own kind.

Question 28

Taxis

Answer 28

The movement of an animal in response to stimuli.

Question 29

Phonotaxis

Answer 29

Movement in response to sound.

Question 30

Phototaxis

Answer 30

Movement in response to light.