chapter 52

Question 1

What is innate immunity ?

Answer 1

defenses present at birth that function the same way regardless of invader
-are nonsepcific
Doesnt directly identify threat
Inherited
General recognition

Question 2

what is acquired immunity ?

Answer 2

develops after exposure and targets a specific invader

Question 3

what secretes Inflammatory response?

Answer 3

Injured tissue, mast cells and neutrophils secret inflammatory signals

Question 4

What are the events of inflammation?

Answer 4

-Innate local response to infection or injury.
-destroys or inactivates pathogens, clears area of dead cells, and sets stage for tissue repair
-key cellular components are neutrophils, macrophages, dendrites and mast cells

Question 5

what is the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 5

-circulate in blood but most of them reside in organs of lymphatic system
-Leave the bone marrow or thymus gland, then circulate through all tissue of the blood
-enter bloodstream
-or leave venules to enter interstitial fluid, then reenter the lymphatic system

Question 6

what are examples of lymphocytes ?

Answer 6

T, B and natural killer cells

Question 7

what is antihistamine?

Answer 7

it treats congestion, runny nose, sneezing and difficulty breathing

Question 8

what are vaccinations ?

Answer 8

small quantities of living, dead, or altered microbes, toxins, or harmless antigenic molecules are injected into the body

Question 9

what are T cells?

Answer 9

mature in thymus gland

Question 10

what are cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 10

directly kill target cells using secreted chemicals

Question 11

what are helper t cells?

Answer 11

assist in activating B cells and cytotoxic t cells

Question 12

what are B cells?

Answer 12

mature in bone marrow
-create antibodies

Question 13

The body has 5 types of antibodies which are called?

Answer 13

Immunoglobulin
(Ig D, IgE, IgA, IgM, IgG)
-are y shaped and made of 4 interlinked polypeptides

Question 14

Which antibody is present in all vertebrates?

Answer 14

IgM

Question 15

Which antibodies are the most abundant and why?

Answer 15

IgM and IgG
-Provide bulk of specific immunity against bacteria and viruses in extracellular fluid

Question 16

what is function of IgA?

Answer 16

secreted by plasma cells in the linings of GI, respiratory, and genitourinary tract to act locally

Question 17

what is function of IgE?

Answer 17

antibodies participate in defenses against multicellular parasites and allergic responses

Question 18

what is cell-mediated immunity ?

Answer 18

cytotoxic T cells directly encounter and destroy infected body cells, cancerous cells, or transplanted cells

Question 19

how is antigen recognized by t cell receptor?

Answer 19

recognizes short peptide fragments of pathogen protein antigens. DOES NOT BIND TO ANTIGEN until with MHC class I receptor

Question 20

what are examples of pathogens?

Answer 20

Bacteria
-Damage tissues at open wond sites or release toxins that enter the bloodstream
-Major entry points through direct bodily contact, open wounds, inhalation and ingestion

Viruses
-Nucleic acids enclosed in a protein coat
-Must infect host cell to replicate
-May kill host cell rapidly or lie dormant for a period
May cause cancer

Eukaryotic parasites
-Damage host by using host nutrients or secreting toxic chemicals

Question 21

what are the 3 stages of specific immune response?

Answer 21

1. Recognition of antigen
2. Activation of proliferation of lymphocytes
3. Attack against antigen

Question 22

what are leukocytes involved in innate immunity?

Answer 22

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
Casophils
Natural killer cell

Question 23

What cells are involved in innate immunity?

Answer 23

Dendrite cells
Mast cells
Leukocytes

Question 24

What is interferon?

Answer 24

-Inhibits viral replication inside host cells
-Not specific to a particular virus

Question 25

what is PAMP- Pathogen-associated molecular pattern?

Answer 25

Innate immunity depends on recognition of general molecular features common to many types of pathogens, or PAMPS