chapter 52 Flashcards
What is innate immunity ?
defenses present at birth that function the same way regardless of invader
-are nonsepcific
Doesnt directly identify threat
Inherited
General recognition
what is acquired immunity ?
develops after exposure and targets a specific invader
what secretes Inflammatory response?
Injured tissue, mast cells and neutrophils secret inflammatory signals
What are the events of inflammation?
-Innate local response to infection or injury.
-destroys or inactivates pathogens, clears area of dead cells, and sets stage for tissue repair
-key cellular components are neutrophils, macrophages, dendrites and mast cells
what is the function of lymphocytes?
-circulate in blood but most of them reside in organs of lymphatic system
-Leave the bone marrow or thymus gland, then circulate through all tissue of the blood
-enter bloodstream
-or leave venules to enter interstitial fluid, then reenter the lymphatic system
what are examples of lymphocytes ?
T, B and natural killer cells
what is antihistamine?
it treats congestion, runny nose, sneezing and difficulty breathing
what are vaccinations ?
small quantities of living, dead, or altered microbes, toxins, or harmless antigenic molecules are injected into the body
what are T cells?
mature in thymus gland
what are cytotoxic T cells?
directly kill target cells using secreted chemicals
what are helper t cells?
assist in activating B cells and cytotoxic t cells
what are B cells?
mature in bone marrow
-create antibodies
The body has 5 types of antibodies which are called?
Immunoglobulin
(Ig D, IgE, IgA, IgM, IgG)
-are y shaped and made of 4 interlinked polypeptides
Which antibody is present in all vertebrates?
IgM
Which antibodies are the most abundant and why?
IgM and IgG
-Provide bulk of specific immunity against bacteria and viruses in extracellular fluid
what is function of IgA?
secreted by plasma cells in the linings of GI, respiratory, and genitourinary tract to act locally
what is function of IgE?
antibodies participate in defenses against multicellular parasites and allergic responses
what is cell-mediated immunity ?
cytotoxic T cells directly encounter and destroy infected body cells, cancerous cells, or transplanted cells
how is antigen recognized by t cell receptor?
recognizes short peptide fragments of pathogen protein antigens. DOES NOT BIND TO ANTIGEN until with MHC class I receptor
what are examples of pathogens?
Bacteria
-Damage tissues at open wond sites or release toxins that enter the bloodstream
-Major entry points through direct bodily contact, open wounds, inhalation and ingestion
Viruses
-Nucleic acids enclosed in a protein coat
-Must infect host cell to replicate
-May kill host cell rapidly or lie dormant for a period
May cause cancer
Eukaryotic parasites
-Damage host by using host nutrients or secreting toxic chemicals
what are the 3 stages of specific immune response?
- Recognition of antigen
- Activation of proliferation of lymphocytes
- Attack against antigen
what are leukocytes involved in innate immunity?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
Casophils
Natural killer cell
What cells are involved in innate immunity?
Dendrite cells
Mast cells
Leukocytes
What is interferon?
-Inhibits viral replication inside host cells
-Not specific to a particular virus
