Chapter 52 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecology

A

The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment

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2
Q

Organismal Ecology

A

Includes the subdisciplinesof physiological, evolutionary, and behavioral ecology and is concerned with how an organism’s structure, physiology, and behavior meet challenges in the environment

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3
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals from the same species living in the same area

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4
Q

population ecology

A

This is the study of the factors that affect population size and why it changes over time

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5
Q

Community

A

A group of populations of different species in an area

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6
Q

Community Ecology

A

Analyzes how interactions between species such as population and competition affect community structure and organization

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

The community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which organisms interact

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8
Q

Ecosystem Ecology

A

Energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and their environment

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9
Q

Landscape Ecology

A

Focuses on the factors controlling exchanges of energy, materials and organisms across multiple ecosystems

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10
Q

biosphere

A

The global ecosystem, the sum of all the planets ecosystems and ecosystems

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11
Q

global ecology

A

Examines how regional exchange of energy and materials influences the functioning and distribution of organisms across the biosphere

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12
Q

Ecology and Environmentalism

A

Ecology helps provide the scientific understanding needed to conserve and sustain life on Earth

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13
Q

Silent Spring

A

Author Rachel Carson was targetting the pesticide DDT and she used ecology to show how the pesticide was causing other populations to decline. Promoted new environmental ethics that helped ban DDT and put in place more stringent controls on other pesticides

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14
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of past and present distribution of species for the use of the evolutionary theory. Biotic and Abiotic factors affect this distribution

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15
Q

Predation (Biotic Factor)

A

This is one species eating another, and this could cause different distribution depending on how much predators and prey there are

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16
Q

Paratism (Biotic)

A

When organisms live off other organisms

17
Q

Competition (biotic)

A

The presence or absence of food resources that can cause increased competition between species

18
Q

Disease (Biotic)

A

An increase in the concentration of a species also affects distribution

19
Q

Herbivory( Biotic)

A

Organisms that consume plants or algae of an ecosystem affect the concentration of plants and animals

20
Q

Temperature (Abiotic)

A

Most organisms are only able to function within a certain range of temperature. Beyond this range, cells may rupure or proteins may be denatured

21
Q

Water(Abiotic)

A

Species that need water will dessicate if there is not enough water. Distribution depends on how much organisms can hold and contain water

22
Q

Salinity (Abiotic)

A

The salt concentration of water could affect water balance through osmosis. Many marine animals are restricted to freshwater or saltwater environments

23
Q

Sunlight (Abiotic)

A

The amount of sunlight controls the amount of photosynthetic organisms in an environment. Too much sunlight can damage organisms

24
Q

Rock and Soil (Abiotic)

A

The pH, mineral composure, and physical stucture limits the distribution of plants and the animals feeding on them

25
Q

Climate

A

The long term prevailing weather conditions in a particular area. Abiotic Factors: water availability, temperature

26
Q

Rainshadow Effect

A

When moist air approaches a mountain, the air rises and cools, releasing moisture on the windward side of the peak. On either side cooler air descends absorbing the moister and producing the rain shadow

27
Q

Biome

A

A major terrestrial or aquatic life zone that is characterized by vegetation in terrestrial biomes or organisms in aquatic biomes

28
Q

Largest Marine Biome

A

Ocean- Earth Largest biome

Covers 75 percent of the Earth’s surface

29
Q

photic/ aphotic

A

sufficient light for photosynthesis/ Insufficient light

30
Q

Benthic

A

bottom of a sea or lake

31
Q

Pelagic

A

Open sea, rather than water close to a shore

32
Q

Oligotrophic/ Eutrophic

A

Oxygen rich and nutrient poor/ Oxygen poor and nutrient rich

33
Q

Littoral Zone/ Limnetic Zone

A

Part of the ocean that is closes to shore, shallow water, supports rooted plants/ Farther from shore, light penetration, plant and animal plankton

34
Q

zooplankton/phytoplankton

A

heterotrophs/autotrophs

35
Q

neritic/abyssal

A

Surface water/ between 2000- 6000 meters below the surface