Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Large Molecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 Main Macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large Molecules that include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Polymer

A

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Monomer

A

The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Condensation (Dehydration) Reaction

A

When two monomers bond with the loss of a water molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hydrolysis

A

hydro (water)
lysis (break)
Process that is the reverse of dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Monomers of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 different disaccharides

A

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Monomers and location of Maltose

A

2 Glucose Monomers

Found in malt sugar, brewed beer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Monomers and location of Sucrose

A

Glucose and Fructose

Table Sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Monomers and Location of Lactose

A

Glucose and Galactose

Milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

-ose

A

full of, having

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glycosidic Linkages

A

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
Made between Carbon 1 and Carbon 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of Polysacharides

A

Storage (Glycogen- Animal Storage)

Structural (Tough cell wall/exoskeleton)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristic that all Lipids Share

A

Hydrophobic

17
Q

Building Blocks of Fat

A

Glycerol, Ester Linkages, Fatty Acids

18
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

Has one or more double bonds that replaces a hydrogen

19
Q

Saturated Fats

A

No double bonds, as many hydrogen bonds as possible

20
Q

4 Functions of Fats

A

Fats store energy
Cushion vital organs
Compact
Reservoir of Fuel

21
Q

Phospholipids

A

Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Chains are made up of hydrocarbons, hydrophopic
Phosphate group is hydrophillic

22
Q

5 Types of Proteins

A

Enzymatic- Digestive enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of food, Structural- Keratin forms hair structure, Storage- Ovalbumin- source of egg white, Transport-Hemoglobin transports oxygen, Hormonal- Insulin regulates sugar concentration

23
Q

Parts of an Enzyme

A

Enzyme- Important type of protein
Active Site- Place in where reaction occurs
Substrate- Substances on which enzymatic reactions are held

24
Q

Dipeptide

A

2 amino acids bonded by a peptide bond

25
Polypeptide
A polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds
26
Peptide Bond
When two amino acids are bonded through a dehydration reaction through a covalent bond
27
Four Levels of Protein Structure
Primary- Unique sequence of amino acids Secondary- Patterned coils and folds that contribute to the overall protein shape Tertiary- Overall shape of the polypeptide Quaternary- Overall protein structure that results from the aggregation of the polypeptide subunits Quaternary
28
Disulfide Bridge
Two Sulfurs bonded together
29
Denature
If pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other factors cause a protein to unravel and lose its natural shape
30
4 Nitrogen Bases in DNA
Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine
31
4 Nitrogen Bases in RNA
Guanine, Adenine, Cytocine, Uracil
32
3 components of a nucleotide
Nitrogenous Base, Sugar, DeoxyRibose