Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 Large Molecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

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2
Q

3 Main Macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

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3
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large Molecules that include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic Acids

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4
Q

Polymer

A

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds

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5
Q

Monomer

A

The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polumer

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6
Q

Condensation (Dehydration) Reaction

A

When two monomers bond with the loss of a water molecule

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7
Q

Hydrolysis

A

hydro (water)
lysis (break)
Process that is the reverse of dehydration

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8
Q

Monomers of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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9
Q

3 different disaccharides

A

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

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10
Q

Monomers and location of Maltose

A

2 Glucose Monomers

Found in malt sugar, brewed beer

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11
Q

Monomers and location of Sucrose

A

Glucose and Fructose

Table Sugar

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12
Q

Monomers and Location of Lactose

A

Glucose and Galactose

Milk

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13
Q

-ose

A

full of, having

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14
Q

Glycosidic Linkages

A

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
Made between Carbon 1 and Carbon 4

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15
Q

Types of Polysacharides

A

Storage (Glycogen- Animal Storage)

Structural (Tough cell wall/exoskeleton)

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16
Q

Characteristic that all Lipids Share

A

Hydrophobic

17
Q

Building Blocks of Fat

A

Glycerol, Ester Linkages, Fatty Acids

18
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

Has one or more double bonds that replaces a hydrogen

19
Q

Saturated Fats

A

No double bonds, as many hydrogen bonds as possible

20
Q

4 Functions of Fats

A

Fats store energy
Cushion vital organs
Compact
Reservoir of Fuel

21
Q

Phospholipids

A

Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Chains are made up of hydrocarbons, hydrophopic
Phosphate group is hydrophillic

22
Q

5 Types of Proteins

A

Enzymatic- Digestive enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of food, Structural- Keratin forms hair structure, Storage- Ovalbumin- source of egg white, Transport-Hemoglobin transports oxygen, Hormonal- Insulin regulates sugar concentration

23
Q

Parts of an Enzyme

A

Enzyme- Important type of protein
Active Site- Place in where reaction occurs
Substrate- Substances on which enzymatic reactions are held

24
Q

Dipeptide

A

2 amino acids bonded by a peptide bond

25
Q

Polypeptide

A

A polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds

26
Q

Peptide Bond

A

When two amino acids are bonded through a dehydration reaction through a covalent bond

27
Q

Four Levels of Protein Structure

A

Primary- Unique sequence of amino acids
Secondary- Patterned coils and folds that contribute to the overall protein shape
Tertiary- Overall shape of the polypeptide
Quaternary- Overall protein structure that results from the aggregation of the polypeptide subunits
Quaternary

28
Q

Disulfide Bridge

A

Two Sulfurs bonded together

29
Q

Denature

A

If pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other factors cause a protein to unravel and lose its natural shape

30
Q

4 Nitrogen Bases in DNA

A

Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine

31
Q

4 Nitrogen Bases in RNA

A

Guanine, Adenine, Cytocine, Uracil

32
Q

3 components of a nucleotide

A

Nitrogenous Base, Sugar, DeoxyRibose