Chapter 22 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
0
Q

Aristotle Thoughts on Origin of Species

A

Species were in unchanging and perfect

All species can be organized in a ladder according to increasing complexity called the Scala Naturae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Evolution

A

Descent with modification- changes in generations over time

Change in the genetic makeup from one species into the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Old Testament on the Origin of Species

A

God created each species and therefore perfect

Scientists observed that organisms were adapted to environment and thought God created them for a purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carolus Linneaus on the Origin of Species

A

Wanted to classify earths diversity
Organized species according to their similarities and made categories more general
Created binomial system that is used today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Georges Cuvier

A

Started paleontology
Saw the older the rock strata were the more different fossil species were from current day
Saw that species from one strata did not appear in the other strata believed that extinctions happened oftenkrrr
Believed in Catastrophism- states that a natural disaster occurs between rock strata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

James Hutton

A

He believed that the earths geological features could be explained through gradual processes of the earth
Ex. Valleys formed through rivers eroding rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Charles Lyell

A

Used Huttons ideology in his idea of uniformitarianism that states that processes of change in the earth remain constant. This means that the rate at which the earth is changing is the same as the past.
This ideology showed that the earth was much older than originally predicted because Earth would have taken much longer to form it’s mountains and valleys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lamarck use and disuse and inheritance of acquired characteristics

A

Lamarckian idea that stated body parts that are used more often become stronger in future generations
Also stated that characteristics gained in an organisms lifetime can be passed down to its offspring
Even though these ideas are wrong, Lamarck was one of the first scientists to accept that species change over time to better adapt to their environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adaptations and natural selection

A

Adaptations are characteristics that help a species survive in it’s environment
Natural selection is the process in which organisms with certain beneficial characteristics have more offspring than other species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Darwin’s observations and inferences

A

Variations in traits exist
These variations are heritable
Species overproduce
There is competition for resources, not all species survive

Individuals who have beneficial traits that help them survive have more beneficial traits than those who don’t
This allows an increase of this favorable trait in the populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Evidence of evolution in the fossil record

A

There are often fossils of transitional species from two different species ex. Fish to land- Tiktaalik

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Homologous Structures

A

These are limbs or other structures that are similar in many different species
This gives evidence for evolution in that it suggests a common ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vestigial Structures

A

Remnant structures that were useful for there ancestor species but are not anymore
Ex. Snakes have a pelvic leg vestige

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Analogous Structure

A

Similar structures that appear in two species that evolved independently from eachother because of their similar environments
Ex. Sugar glider and flying squirell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

When two species evolve independently of eachother and have the same characteristics because of their similar environments
Sugar glider and flying squirrel
Fish that live in Antarctic and the arctic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of the geographic location of species. Because all continents used to be the same land and then slowly drifted away, we can predict where species and there fossils would be