Chapter 21

Question 1

Bioinformatics

Answer 1

the use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate the incredible volume of data from these sequencing projects

Question 2

proteonics

Answer 2

an approach in which proteins interactions are analyzed

Question 3

Systems biology

Answer 3

aims to model the behavior of entire biological system, and is enhanced by bioinformatics, applications in medicine

Question 4

Genes in Eukaryotes

Answer 4

more than 1200 genomes have been sequenced , and human genome has 20,000 genes. The proteins made from these genes are possible because of the gene splicing

Question 5

Repetitive DNA

Answer 5

sequences that are present in multiple copies in the genome

Question 6

Transposable Elements

Answer 6

Make up much of the repetitive DNA
Two Types
Transposons- move b means of a DNA intermediate
Retrotransposons- Move through an RNA intermediate and leave a copy at the original site, involves reverse transcriptase.
Can interrupt normal gene function if genes is inserted into the middle of a functional gene
Creates genetic diversity

Question 7

Multigene families

Answer 7

Collections of two or more identical/very similar genes

ex. human aglobin and b-globin are found on different chromosomes

Question 8

Evo-Devo

Answer 8

New field of biology that compares developmental processes to understand how they may have evolved, and how changes can modify existing organismal features, or lead to new ones

Question 9

Homeotic Genes

Answer 9

Master of regulatory genes that control placement and spatial organization of the body parts by controlling the developmental fate of groups

Question 10

Homeobox

Answer 10

widely conserved 180 nucleotide sequence found within homeotic genes. Hints at common evolution of all life forms