Chapter 5.1-5.2- Groups and Organizations

Question 1

What is a Social Group?

Answer 1

two or more people who identify with and interact with one another

Question 2

What is a Primary Group?

Answer 2

a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships

Question 3

What is a Secondary Group?

Answer 3

a larger and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity

Question 4

What is Instrumental Leadership?

Answer 4

group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks

Question 5

What is Expressive Leadership?

Answer 5

group leadership that focuses on the group’s well-being

Question 6

What is Authoritarian Leadership?

Answer 6

“take charge” style that demands obedience

Question 7

What is Democratic Leadership?

Answer 7

includes everyone in decision making

Question 8

What is Laissez-faire Leadership?

Answer 8

lets the group function mostly on its own

Question 9

What did research from Asch, Milgram, and Janis show about group members?

Answer 9

group members often seek agreement and may pressure one another toward conformity

Question 10

What is Groupthink?

Answer 10

tendency of group members to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue

Question 11

What is a Reference Group?

Answer 11

social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions

Question 12

What is an In-group?

Answer 12

social group towards which a member feels respect and loyalty

Question 13

What is an Out-group?

Answer 13

social group towards which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition

Question 14

How did Georg Simmel describe the Dyad and Triad?

Answer 14

Dyad: social group with 2 members; intense but unstable.
Triad: social group with 3 members; more stable but can exclude one member and become a dyad

Question 15

What did Peter Blau claim?

Answer 15

1. larger groups turn inward
2. diverse groups turn outward
3. physically segregated groups turn inward

Question 16

What is a Network?

Answer 16

web of weak social ties (little common identity and limited interaction)

Question 17

What does Social Media refer to?

Answer 17

technology that links people in social networks that extend around the world

Question 18

What are Formal Organizations?

Answer 18

large secondary groups organized to achieve their goals efficiently

Question 19

What are Utilitarian Organizations? and give an example.

Answer 19

pay people for their efforts

ex: business, gov agency

Question 20

What are Normative Organizations? and give an example.

Answer 20

have goals that people consider worthwhile

ex: voluntary organizations

Question 21

What are Coercive Organizations? and give an example.

Answer 21

organizations people are forced to join

ex: prison, mental hospital

Question 22

What is an Organizational Environment?

Answer 22

factors outside an organization that affect its operation

Question 23

What are the 5 factors involved in Organizational Environment?

Answer 23

1. technology
2. political and economic trends
3. current events
4. population patterns
5. other organizations

Question 24

What is the Dominant type of Organization in Modern Societies? and who pointed this out?

Answer 24

Bureaucracy; Max Weber

Question 25

What are the 6 things Bureaucracy is based on?

Answer 25

1. specializations
2. heriarchy of positions
3. rules and regulations
4. technical competence
5. impersonality
6. formal, written communications

Question 26

What are some Problems of Bureaucracy?

Answer 26

1. bureaucratic alienation
2. bureaucratic inefficiency and ritualism
3. bureaucratic inertia
4. oligarchy (rule of the many by the few)

Question 27

What is Bureaucratic Ritualism?

Answer 27

a focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organization’s goals

Question 28

What is Bureaucratic Inertia?

Answer 28

tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves