Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SOCI 101 > Chapter 1- Sociology: Perspective, Theory and Method > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Sociology: Perspective, Theory and Method Flashcards

how does socio pov help us understand that society shapes out indv lives? What are the advs of socio thinking for developing public policy, encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career? What are socio's major theoretical approaches? Can you describe socio's 3 research orientations? What is the importance of gender and ethics in socio research? Why might researchers choose each of socio's research methods?

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the sociological perspective?

A

sees general patterns of society in the lives of particular people;
OR seeing the general in the particular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is sociology?

A

systematic study of human society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is society?

A

ppl who live in a defined territory and share a culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who coined the term the “sociological imagination”?

A

C. Wright Mills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Global Perspective?

A

study of the larger world and our society’s place in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the terms: high-income countries, middle-income countries, and low-income countries?

A

High: nations w/ the highest overall standards of living.
Middle: nations w/ standards of living about average for the world as a whole.
Low: nations w/ a low standard of living, in which most people are poor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is Global Awareness an important part in the Sociological Perspective (5 reasons)?

A
  1. Where we live shapes the lives we lead
  2. Societies throughout the world are increasingly interrelated
  3. What happens in the rest of the world affect life here in Canada
  4. Many social problems that we face in Canada are far more serious elsewhere
  5. Thinking globally helps us learn more about ourselves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 rapid social changes that helped the development in sociology?

A
  1. The rise of an Industrial Economy
  2. Explosive growth of cities
  3. New political ideas/ Political change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who coined the term “Sociology” and coined sociology as a discipline (in 1838)?

A

Auguste Comte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is positivism?

A

A scientific based approach to knowledge based on “positive” facts as opposed to mere speculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 ways in which applying the Sociological Perspective can be useful?

A
  1. Used by Government agencies when developing laws and regulations that guide how people in communities live and work
  2. Helps us understand the barriers and opportunities in our lives
  3. It is an advantage in many fields of work that involve working w/ people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Theory? And what is the Theoretical Approach?

A

Theory: a statement of how and why specific facts are related
Approach: basic image of society that guides thinking and research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Structural-Functional approach? And who helped develop this approach?

A

Approach: sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to help society operate (promotes stability and solidarity)
Who: Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, and Herbert Spenser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Social Structure?

A

any relative pattern of social behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Social Functions?

A

the consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Social-Conflict Approach/ Theory?

A

sees society as an arena of inequality that creates conflict and causes change

17
Q

Who helped develop the Social-Conflict Approach/ Theory?

A

Karl Marx

18
Q

What are the 2 important types of Social-Conflict Theory?

A
  1. Gender-Conflict Theory (Feminist Theory): study of society that focuses of inequality and conflict between women and men
  2. Race-Conflict Theory: study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories
19
Q

What are the 2 Macro-level orientations?

A
  1. Structural-functional approach

2. Social-conflict approach

20
Q

What is Macro-level Orientation?

A

a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole

21
Q

What is Micro-level Orientation?

A

a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations

22
Q

What is the Symbolic-Interaction Approach/ Theory?

A

(micro-level orientation)

sees society as a product of the everyday interactions of individuals

23
Q

Who helped develop the Social-Interaction Approach/ Theory?

A

Max Weber and George Herbert Mead

24
Q

What is Positivist Sociology?

A

(1st research orientation and most popular)

the study of society based on scientific observations of social behaviour

25
Q

What are the 2 things Positivist Sociology does/ tries to do? And what theory is it linked to?

A
  1. tries to establish cause and effect
  2. demands that researchers try to be objective
    Linked to: structural-functional theory
26
Q

What is Interpretive Sociology?

A

(2nd research orientation)
study of sociology that focuses on discovering the meanings people attach to their social world and their behaviour
OR discover what people mean by what they do

27
Q

What are 2 importance’s to Interpretive Sociology? And what theory is it linked to?

A
  1. people construct reality in their everyday lives
  2. Weber’s Verstehen: observe why people act as they do
    Linked to: symbolic-interaction theory
28
Q

What is Critical Sociology?

A

(3rd research orientation)

study of society that focuses on the need for social change

29
Q

What are the 2 things that Critical Sociology does? And what theory is it linked to?

A
  1. focuses on inequality
  2. rejects the principle of objectivity, claiming that all research is political (in that it either calls for change or it does not)
    Linked to: Conflict theory
30
Q

What are the 5 ways that Gender affects Sociological Research?

A
  1. Androcentricity: approaching an issue from a male perspective
  2. Overgeneralization: gather certain data and apply to all
  3. Gender blindness: failing to consider gender at all
  4. Double standards: judging women and men by different standards
  5. Interference: if subject reacts to the sex of the researcher
31
Q

What are the 3 importances of Ethics in Sociological Research?

A
  1. researchers must ensure that subjects are not harmed
  2. include all sources of financial support in their published results
  3. disclose all findings without any missing data
32
Q

What is a Research Method?

A

a systematic plan for doing research

33
Q

What is an Experiment?

A

(research method 1)

studying cause and effect under highly controlled conditions

34
Q

What is a Survey?

A

(research method 2)

subjects respond to a series of questions in a questionnaire or interview

35
Q

What is Participant Observation?

A

(research method 3)
investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities/ researchers joining people in their social setting

36
Q

Why might researchers use existing data collected from other sources?

A

to save time and money

SOCI 101 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions