Chapter 12.4, 12.5, 12.6- (Economics and) Politics Flashcards
What is Politics?
the social institution that distributes power, sets a society’s goals, and makes decisions
What is Power?
the ability to achieve desired ends despite resistance from others
What is Government?
a formal organization that directs the political life of a society
What is Authority?
power that people receive as legitimate rather than coercive
What is Traditional Authority?
power legitimized by respect for long-established cultural patterns
What did Max Weber claim about Traditional Authority?
- closely linked to kinship
2. preindustrial societies rely on tradition to transform raw power into authority
What did Max Weber claim about Rational-legal Authority?
- rational-legal authority underlies the operation of bureaucratic offices as well as the law
- as societies industrialize, tradition gives way to rationality
What did Max Weber claim about Charismatic Authority?
- linked to extraordinary personal qualities
2. at any time, some individuals transform power into authority through charisma
what is Rational-legal Authority?
power legitimized by legally enacted rules and regulations (aka: bureaucratic authority)
What is Charismatic Authority?
power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience
What is Routinization of Charisma?
the transformation of charismatic authority into some combo of traditional and bureaucratic authority
What is a Monarchy?
a political system in which a single family rules from generation to generation
What is Democracy?
a political system that derives its legitimacy from the people as a whole
What is Authoritarianism?
a political system that denies the people participation in government
What is Totalitarianism?
a highly centralized political system that extensively regulates people’s lives
What is the Welfare State?
a system of government agencies and programms that provide benefits to the population
What is the Political Spectrum?
ranging from liberal left to conservative right, political spectrum helps us understand both economic and social issues
What are Special-interest Groups?
people organized to address some economic or social issue
What is the Pluralist Model?
the analysis of politics that sees power as spreads among many competing interest groups
What is the Power-elite Model?
the analysis of politics that sees power as concentrated among the rich
What is the Marxist Political-economy Model?
the analysis that explains politics in terms of the operation of a society’s economic system
What is the Theoretical Approach applied to the Pluralist Model?
structural-functional
What is the Theoretical Approach applied to the Power-elite Model?
social-conflict
What is the Theoretical Approach applied to the Marxist Political-economy Model?
social-conflict
What is Political Revolution?
the overthrow of one political system in order to establish another
What is Terrorism?
acts of violence or the threat of violence used as a political strategy by an individual or group
What is War?
organized, armed conflict among the people of two or more nations, directed by their governments
What is the Military-industrial Complex?
the close association of the federal governments, the military, and defence industries
What is Nuclear Proliferation?
the acquisition of nuclear weapons technology by more and more nations
