Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

what is the process by which the cell cytoplasm divides

Answer 1

Cytokinesis

Question 2

what is mitosis

Answer 2

process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

Long continuous thread of DNA that exist of numerous jeans and regulatory information

Question 4

histoenes

Answer 4

protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase

Question 6

one half of a duplicated chromosome is called a

Answer 6

chromatid

Question 7

a region of condensed chromosomes that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis

Answer 7

centromere

Question 8

what is a repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes

Answer 8

telomeres

Question 9

first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell

Answer 9

prophase

Question 10

second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator

Answer 10

metaphase

Question 11

third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Answer 11

anaphase

Question 12

last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned to each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble

Answer 12

telophase

Question 13

broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division

Answer 13

growth factors

Question 14

what is programmed cell death

Answer 14

apoptosis

Question 15

common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

Answer 15

cancer

Question 16

having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous

Answer 16

benign

Question 17

cancerous tumor in which cells break awaay and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism’s health

Answer 17

malignant

Question 18

to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body

Answer 18

metastasize

Question 19

substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer

Answer 19

carcinogens

Question 20

process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes

Answer 20

asexual reproduction

Question 21

asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts

Answer 21

binary fission

Question 22

group of cells that work together to perform a similar function

Answer 22

tissues

Question 23

group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions

Answer 23

organ

Question 24

two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions

Answer 24

organ system

Question 25

what is cell differentiation

Answer 25

process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature form and funtion

Question 26

cells that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated

Answer 26

stem cells

Question 27

what is the cell cycle

Answer 27

pattern of growth, DNA replication and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell