Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards
what is the process by which the cell cytoplasm divides
Cytokinesis
what is mitosis
process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents
chromosomes
Long continuous thread of DNA that exist of numerous jeans and regulatory information
histoenes
protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps
Chromatin
loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase
one half of a duplicated chromosome is called a
chromatid
a region of condensed chromosomes that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis
centromere
what is a repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes
telomeres
first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell
prophase
second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator
metaphase
third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
anaphase
last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned to each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble
telophase
broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division
growth factors
what is programmed cell death
apoptosis
common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division
cancer
having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous
benign
cancerous tumor in which cells break awaay and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism’s health
malignant
to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body
metastasize
substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer
carcinogens
process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes
asexual reproduction
asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts
binary fission
group of cells that work together to perform a similar function
tissues
group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions
organ
two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions
organ system
what is cell differentiation
process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature form and funtion
cells that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated
stem cells
what is the cell cycle
pattern of growth, DNA replication and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell
