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Biology > Chapter 3 Note cards > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Note cards Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The cell theory grew out of what improvement

A

the improvement of the microscope

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2
Q

who was the father of biology

A

Hooke

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3
Q

microscopes improve what

A

improve our understanding

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4
Q

what are the three aspects of the cell theory

A
  1. all living things are made of cells
  2. all existing cells are produced by other living cells
  3. the cell is the basic unit of life
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5
Q

name the two types of cells

A

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

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6
Q

what is a prokaryotic cell and list a example

A

it has no nucleus and no organelles

bacteria

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7
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell

A

has a nucleus and organelles (fungi, animals, plants)

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8
Q

What characteristics do both cells share

A

cells R microscopic
all cells R enclosed by a membrane
all cells are filled with cytoplasm

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9
Q

what do all cells have

A

internal structure

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10
Q

what is a Cytosckeleton

A

a organelle that supports and shapes cells, helps position and transport organelles, assists in cell division, and aids in cell movement

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11
Q

what organelle stores genetic information

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

what does protein and lipid synthesis

A

encompassing reticulum

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13
Q

what are the two types of ER

A

rough and smooth er

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14
Q

What links amino acids to form proteins

A

Ribosomes

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15
Q

what are cell membrane bound sacs that hold materials

A

vesicles

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16
Q

what is the transporter of proteins and lipids. put it onto vesicle and ship it to other parts of cells

A

Golgi Aparatus

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17
Q

Power house of the cell, because it provides cell energy

A

mitochondria

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18
Q

fluid filled sacs that hold materials

A

vacuoles

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19
Q

contains enzymes to digest food

A

lysosomes

20
Q

tubes found in centrosomes

they help divide DNA

A

centrioles

21
Q

What is the basic unit of life

A

cell

22
Q

Describe a PLANT cell wall

A

very rigid structure

23
Q

what is chloroplast

A

it converts solar energy into chemical energy

24
Q

What is a cell membrane

A

A barrier that separates a cell from external environment

25
Q

the cell membrane has two phospholipid…what

A

bi layers

26
Q

what are the cell membranes two functions

A

forms a boundary between inside and outside of the cell

controls passage of materials

27
Q

name some materials embedded in cell membrane

A

proteins.

cholesterol

28
Q

what is the cell membrane

A

selectively permeable

29
Q

what are the two type of receptors

A

intra cellular- inside the cell

membrane receptor- absorbs molecules and transmits it into a cell

30
Q

What does the cell membrane control

A

what passes through the cell

31
Q

what is on movement across the membrane

A

passive

32
Q

what is passive movement

A

when a transport does not require any energy

33
Q

what are the two types of passive transport

A

diffusion and osmosis

34
Q

what is diffusion

A

movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower cocentration

35
Q

what is osmosis

A

diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane

36
Q

What is the ability of osmosis to lift or pull a volume of water

A

osmotic pressure

37
Q

what is a solution within same osmotic pressure as body fluids

A

isotonic

38
Q

what is a solution that has a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids

A

hypertonic

39
Q

what is a solution with lower osmotic pressure

A

Hypotonic

40
Q

what is ur when some molecules can only diffuse through transport proteins

A

facilitated diffusion

41
Q

what is active transport

A

cell moving substances against concentration gradient and must use energy

42
Q

active transport is powered by what?

A

chemical energy and needs transport proteins

43
Q

active transport also helps the cell maintain what

A

homeostasis

44
Q

what is endocytosis

A

importing of particles through vesicles

45
Q

what is the difference between pinocyosis and phagocytosis

A

pino. Carries fluids and phag. carries particles

46
Q

what is exocytosis

A

exporting of materials from the cell

Biology (7 decks)

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