Chapter 3 Note cards Flashcards
The cell theory grew out of what improvement
the improvement of the microscope
who was the father of biology
Hooke
microscopes improve what
improve our understanding
what are the three aspects of the cell theory
- all living things are made of cells
- all existing cells are produced by other living cells
- the cell is the basic unit of life
name the two types of cells
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
what is a prokaryotic cell and list a example
it has no nucleus and no organelles
bacteria
what is a eukaryotic cell
has a nucleus and organelles (fungi, animals, plants)
What characteristics do both cells share
cells R microscopic
all cells R enclosed by a membrane
all cells are filled with cytoplasm
what do all cells have
internal structure
what is a Cytosckeleton
a organelle that supports and shapes cells, helps position and transport organelles, assists in cell division, and aids in cell movement
what organelle stores genetic information
Nucleus
what does protein and lipid synthesis
encompassing reticulum
what are the two types of ER
rough and smooth er
What links amino acids to form proteins
Ribosomes
what are cell membrane bound sacs that hold materials
vesicles
what is the transporter of proteins and lipids. put it onto vesicle and ship it to other parts of cells
Golgi Aparatus
Power house of the cell, because it provides cell energy
mitochondria
fluid filled sacs that hold materials
vacuoles
contains enzymes to digest food
lysosomes
tubes found in centrosomes
they help divide DNA
centrioles
What is the basic unit of life
cell
Describe a PLANT cell wall
very rigid structure
what is chloroplast
it converts solar energy into chemical energy
What is a cell membrane
A barrier that separates a cell from external environment
the cell membrane has two phospholipid…what
bi layers
what are the cell membranes two functions
forms a boundary between inside and outside of the cell
controls passage of materials
name some materials embedded in cell membrane
proteins.
cholesterol
what is the cell membrane
selectively permeable
what are the two type of receptors
intra cellular- inside the cell
membrane receptor- absorbs molecules and transmits it into a cell
What does the cell membrane control
what passes through the cell
what is on movement across the membrane
passive
what is passive movement
when a transport does not require any energy
what are the two types of passive transport
diffusion and osmosis
what is diffusion
movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower cocentration
what is osmosis
diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane
What is the ability of osmosis to lift or pull a volume of water
osmotic pressure
what is a solution within same osmotic pressure as body fluids
isotonic
what is a solution that has a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids
hypertonic
what is a solution with lower osmotic pressure
Hypotonic
what is ur when some molecules can only diffuse through transport proteins
facilitated diffusion
what is active transport
cell moving substances against concentration gradient and must use energy
active transport is powered by what?
chemical energy and needs transport proteins
active transport also helps the cell maintain what
homeostasis
what is endocytosis
importing of particles through vesicles
what is the difference between pinocyosis and phagocytosis
pino. Carries fluids and phag. carries particles
what is exocytosis
exporting of materials from the cell
