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Biology > Chapter 21-22 notecards > Flashcards

Chapter 21-22 notecards Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three basic types of plant cells

A

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

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2
Q

which cell type is tick walled, and lignin rich that forms a supportive plant tissue

A

sclerenchyma cell

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3
Q

Which plant cell type is a cell with thin walls that form tissues within leaves, roots, stems, and fruit of plants

A

parenchyma cell

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4
Q

which plant cell type is an elongated cell with unevenly thick walls that form a supportive tissue of plants

A

collenchyma

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5
Q

which plant cell type is most common

A

parenchyma

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6
Q

what does the parenchyma do for the cells

A

stores starch, oil, and water for the plant

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7
Q

where does photosynthesis occur

A

in green chloroplasts within parenchyma cells in leaves

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8
Q

what is one very special trait of parenchyma cells

A

they have the ability to divide throughout their entire lives

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9
Q

when are collenchyma cells more common

A

in the younger tissues of leaves and shoots

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10
Q

what is an example of a collenchyma cells

A

strings of celery

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11
Q

what is the unique feature of collenchyma cells

A

it is flexible

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12
Q

which cell type is the strongest

A

sclerenchyma

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13
Q

what is a disadvantage to sclerenchyma cells

A

cannot grow without the plant

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14
Q

where are sclerenchyma cells usually found

A

in parts of the cell that aren’t lengthening anymore

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15
Q

what is an example of sclerenchyma cells

A

fruit pits, shells of nuts.. also found in stems and leaf veins and are responsible for the gritty texture of pears

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16
Q

what are the three tissue systems in plants

A

dermal, ground and vascular

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17
Q

what is the function of the plasmodesmata

A

connects neighboring cells… cells of plant tissue can share water nutrients and chemical signals

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18
Q

what tissue system covers the outside of plants and animals and provides protection

A

dermal tissue

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19
Q

what tissue system makes up the majority of a plant

A

ground tissue

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20
Q

what is the funtion of the ground tissue

A

provides support and stores materials in roots and stems

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21
Q

what cell types do the ground tissue consist of

A

all of them

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22
Q

which tissue system is the supportive and conductive tissue in plants, consisting of xylem and phloem

A

vascular tissue

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23
Q

what can be transported thru vascular tissue

A

necessary food and nutrients

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24
Q

what is the xylem

A

tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals in vascular plants

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25
Q

what is the phloem

A

vascular tissue that carries the products of photosynthesis through the plant

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26
Q

what are some structures that differ plant from animal cells

A

cell walls, plastids, and a large vacuole

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27
Q

what specialized cell in xylem are long and narrow where water can flow thru in openings in the thick cell walls

A

tracheid cells

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28
Q

what is the theory that explains how the physical properties of water allow it to move thru the xylem of plants

A

cohesion tension theory

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29
Q

what is the loss of water vapor from plants

A

transpiration

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30
Q

what cell mostly consist of phloem

A

sieve tube elements

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31
Q

where does the name sieve tube elements come from

A

the small holes in the end walls of their cells

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32
Q

what is the model for predicting how sugars are transported from photosynthetic tissue to the rest of a plant

A

pressure flow model

33
Q

what do plants use to pump or load sugar into phloem at a high concentration

A

ATP

34
Q

why are roots important

A

they anchor to the ground and form the soil they absorb water and minerals the plant needs

35
Q

what is the center of a root or stem that contains phloem and xylem

A

vascular cylinder

36
Q

what are thin hairlike outgrowth of an epidermal cell of a plant root that absorbs water and minerals from the soil

A

root hairs

37
Q

what is a mass of cells that cover and protect the tips of plant roots

A

root cap

38
Q

undifferentiated plant tissue from which new cells are formed

A

meristem

39
Q

what are the two type of roots

A

taproot and fibrous root

40
Q

what is the root type that is made up of many threadlike members of more or less equal length

A

fibrous root

41
Q

which root type is the main root in some plants, usually larger than other roots growing straight down from a stem

A

taproot

42
Q

how are minerals usually dissolved in soil water?

A

ions

43
Q

how doplants use energy to transport nutrient ions into the roots

A

active transport

44
Q

what is primary growth

A

stem or root grows longer

45
Q

what is secondary growth

A

adds width to stems and roots of woody plants

46
Q

each tree rings means what

A

each tree ring is a year of life

47
Q

what is a basic part of the plant that is broad where most of the photosynthesis of a plant takes place

A

blade

48
Q

the blade connects to the stem through what?

A

petiole

49
Q

what marks where the leaf ends

A

axillary bud

50
Q

what is the photosynthetic tissue of a leaf, located between the upper and lower epidermis

A

mesophyll

51
Q

what makes up the veins that run through the mesophyll

A

xylem and phloem

52
Q

what is the difference between the two sides of a leaf

A

the upper portion is where photosynthesis usually takes place… the underside portion of a leaf has stomata and is the site of transpiration and gas exchange

53
Q

what is a pair of cells that control the opening and closing of a stoma in plant tissue

A

guard cells

54
Q

what happens when the stoma is open

A

water evaporates from the leaves

55
Q

why does the stoma close

A

if the plant is losing water faster than its gaining it

56
Q

know the difference between simple, compound, and double compound leaves

A

ok

57
Q

what is the plant life cycle in which the plant alternates between haploid and diploid phases

A

alternation of generations

58
Q

what is a diploid, spore producing phase of a plant life cycle

A

sporophyte

59
Q

what is a haploid, gamete producing phase in a plant life cycle

A

gametophyte

60
Q

what are eh only plants in which teh gametophyte phase is dominant

A

nonvascular

61
Q

what is the dominant phase for all vascular plants

A

sporophyte

62
Q

what is the familiar form for all seed plants

A

sporophyte

63
Q

what are sori

A

clusters of sporangia( which are spore producing sacs)

64
Q

what is a fern gametophyte often called

A

prothallus

65
Q

what is the familiar form for the conifer

A

sporophyte

66
Q

when do male cones release pollen

A

during the spring

67
Q

in pine species, how long does it take the pollen tube to reach the egg

A

a year

68
Q

what is the modified leaf that covers and protects the flower while it develops

A

sepals

69
Q

what is the modified leaf that surrounds a flower’s reproductive structures

A

petals

70
Q

what is it called when the sepals and petals are the same

A

tepals

71
Q

what is the male structure of flowering plants; includes the stalk and anther, which produces pollen

A

stamen

72
Q

what is the female structure of the flowering plants; made of the ovary, style, and stigma

A

carpel

73
Q

what is the organ in which female gametes develop prior to fertilization

A

ovary

74
Q

how are many flowering plants are pollinated

A

insects, birds, animals, wind

75
Q

what process do cells male cells divide

A

meiosis

76
Q

how to the female gametes divide?

A

meiosis

77
Q

how many survive

A

3 out of 4

78
Q

what is the tissue within seeds of flowering plants that noursishes an embryo

A

endosperm

79
Q

what is the process by which two sperm of a flowering plant join with an egg and a polar body, forming an embryo and endosperm

A

double fertilization

Biology (7 decks)

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