Biology Chapter 4 Note Cards Flashcards
what is chemical energy used for
most cell processes carried by atp
what is a molecule that transfers energy from the break of food molecules to cell processes
ATP
what happens in atp
Molecules are broken down, then phosphate group is removed
Lower energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate
ADP
What is chemosynthesis
process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source instead of light
what is the overall process of photosynthesis
produce sugars that store chemical energy
what is the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy ; produces sugar and hydrogen from carbon dioxide and water
photosynthesis
light absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthesis organisms (fond in chloroplasts)
Chlorophyll
what are the two parts of photosynthesis
grana and stroma
what happens in the Grana
takes place in Thyakoids
water and sunlight needed
chlorophyll absorbs energy. energy transferred to light independent reaction ‘oxygen released
what happens in stroma
needs carbon dioxide
use energy too build sugar in Cyclic Chemical reactions (glucose)
what is a membrane bound structure within the chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light absorbing pigments used in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
thylakoid
What do all cells need
chemical energy
how many stages are there in photo.
2
What is a series of light absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid
photo system
what happens in photo. 2(the first system)
- Energy is absorbed from sunlight energized electrons enter electron transport chain
- water split; oxygen is released
- Hydrogen ions are transported across thylakoid membrane
what happens in Photosystem 2 (first stage)
- Chlorophyll absorbs energy forms sunlight
- Energized electrons are used to make NADPH
- NADPH is transferred to light independent reactions
what is the second stage of photosynthesis
CALVIN CYCLE
where does this cycle occur
stroma
What is the process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from (CO)2
CALVIN CYCLE
the process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon based molecules when oxygen is present
Cellular respiration
What is the process that requires oxygen to occur produces more ATP
Aerobic
THe process that does not need oxygen which produces less ATP
Anaerobic
what is the anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of a Pyruvate and two net ATP are produced
glycolysis
