Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 17 Notecards > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Notecards Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what sí the science of naming and classifying organisms

A

taxonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does Linnaean Taxonomy base its classifications on?

A

physical similarities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a group of organisms in a classification system is called what?

A

taxon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a system that gives each species a two part scientific name using latin words

A

binomial nomenclature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the first part of the binomial nomenclature? what is the second part?

A

genus, species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

WHICH NAME IS ALWAYS CAPITALIZED?!?

A

Genus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a genus

A

one or more physically similar species that are thought to be closely related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the levels of Linnaean Classification from biggest so smallest

A 
Kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are Linnaean limitations

A

created before technology and molecular genetics

physical similarities don’t always mean being closely related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is convergent evolution?

A

when similar traits can evolve into species that are adapting to similar environmental conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

evolutionary for a group of species is called what?

A

phylogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the most common way to make an evolutionary Tre

A

cladistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is cladistics

A

the classification based on common ancestry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the goal of cladistics

A

to place species in the order in which they descended from a common ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an evolutionary tree that proposes how many species may be related to each other through common ancestors

A

cladogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a ‘Clade’

A

group of species that share a common ancestor

17
Q

what are the traits that can be used to figure out evolutionary relationships among a group of species are those that are shared by some species but are not present in others.

A

derived characters

18
Q

an out group is a group of species that shares ____ derived characters with the other group being studied

A

no

19
Q

who proposed a new way to measure evolutionary time

A

Linus Pauling and Emile Zuckerkandl

20
Q

What are models that use mutation rates ti measure evolutionary time

A

molecular clocks

21
Q

the more time that has passed the more _______ will have built up in lineage

A

Mutation

22
Q

who compared their molecules data with the first appearances of each type of organism and fossil record

A

Pauling and Zuckerkandl

23
Q

from what is human hemoglobin most different

A

from species that diverged earliest in evolutionary time

24
Q

What is Mitochondrial DNA

A

DNA found only in mitochondria, the energy factors of the cells

25
Q

how is mtDNA significant for molecular clocks?

A

mtDNA mutation rate is 10x faster than nuclear DNA which makes it a good molecular clock for closely related species

26
Q

what is rRNA

A

Ribosomes, the organelles that manufacture proteins in cells, contain ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosomal RNA is useful for studying distantly related species, such as species that are in different kingdoms or phyla

27
Q

when studying an organism over a long period of time, it is best to use a molecule that has a ______ mutation rate

A

lower

28
Q

when was a system developed that standardized the way organisms are classified and names? Who did it?

A

1950, Carolus Linnaeus

29
Q

What are the six kingdoms right now?

A 
Animalia 
plantae
Protista 
Archea 
Fungi 
Bacteria
30
Q

what is a domain

A

level of classification above the kingdoms

31
Q

what are the three domains

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

32
Q

what domain includes single called prokaryotes in the kingdom bacteria

A

Bacteria domain

33
Q

what domain includes single called prokaryotes, but differ from cell walls of bacteria?

A

Archea Domain

34
Q

where do archaea usually thrive

A

extremes environments such as deep sea vents, hot geysers, Antarctic water, and salt lakes.

35
Q

What domain includes all organisms with eukaryotic cells

A

Eukarya

36
Q

what kingdoms are included in eukarya

A

Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
Protista

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions