Chapter 5 Tissues

Question 1

adip-

Answer 1

fat. Adipose tissue: tissue that stores fat.

Question 2

chondr-

Answer 2

cartilage. Chondrocyte: cartilage cell.

Question 3

-cyt

Answer 3

cell. Osteocyte: bone cell.

Question 4

epi-

Answer 4

upon, after, in addition. Epithelial tissue: tissue that covers all free body surfaces.

Question 5

-glia

Answer 5

glue. Neuroglia: cells that support neurons; part of the nervous tissue.

Question 6

hist-

Answer 6

web, tissue. Histology: the study of composition and function of tissues.

Question 7

hyal-

Answer 7

resemblance to glass. Hyaline cartilage: flexible tissue containing chondrocytes.

Question 8

inter-

Answer 8

among, between. Intercalated disc: band between adjacent cardiac muscle cells.

Question 9

macr-

Answer 9

large. Macrophage: large phagocytic cell.

Question 10

neur-

Answer 10

nerve. neuron: nerve cell.

Question 11

os-

Answer 11

bone. Osseous tissue: bone tissue.

Question 12

phag-

Answer 12

to eat. Phagocyte: cell that engulfs and destroys foreign particles.

Question 13

pseud-

Answer 13

false. Pseudostratified epithelium: tissue with cells that appear to be in layers, but are not.

Question 14

squam-

Answer 14

scale. Squamous epithelium: tissue with flattened or scalelike cells.

Question 15

strat-

Answer 15

layer. Stratified epithelium: tissue with cells in layers.

Question 16

stria-

Answer 16

groove. Striations: alternating light and dark cross-markings in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.

Question 17

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 17

This tissue is common at sites of diffusion and filtration. It lines the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. It also forms the walls of capillaries, lines the inside of blood and lymph vessels, and is part of the membranes that line body cavities and cover the viscera.
Single layer of thin, flattened cells.

Question 18

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 18

This tissue lines the follicles of the thyroid gland, covers the ovaries and lines the kidney tubules and ducts of certain glands, where the free surface faces the hollow channel or lumen. In the kidneys, it functions in tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption; in glands, it secretes glandular products.
Single layer of cube-shaped cells. Most of these cells have centrally located spherical nuclei.

Question 19

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 19

Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients from digested food. Cells specialized for absorption typically have many tiny, cylindrical processes, called microvilli, extending from their free surfaces. Microvilli are 0.5 to 1.0 um long, and they increase the surface area of the cell membrane where it is exposed to substances being absorbed. The cells of this tissue can be ciliated or nonciliated. Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium lines the uterus and portions of the digestive tract, including the stomach and small and large intestines. Because its cells are elongated, this tissue is thick, which enables it to protect underlying tissues.
Motile cilia, 7 to 10 um in length, extend from the free surfaces of the cells, and they move constantly. In the female, motile cilia aid in moving the egg cell through the uterine tube to the uterus.
A single layer of cells that are longer than they are wide and whose nuclei are typically at about the same level, near the basement membrane.

Question 20

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 20

Appear stratified or layered, but they are not. A layered effect occurs because the nuclei are at two or more levels in the row of aligned cells. The cells, which vary in shape, all reach the basement membrane, even though some of them may not contact the free surface. It commonly has cilia, which extend from their free surfaces. Goblet cells scattered throughout this tissue secrete mucus, which the cilia sweep away. It lines the passages of the respiratory system. Here, the mucous-covered linings are sticky and trap dust and microorganisms that enter with the air. The cilia move the mucus and its captured particles upward and out of the airways.

Question 21

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 21

It consists of many layers of cells, making this tissue relatively thick. Cells nearest the free surface are flattened the most, whereas those in the deeper layers, where cell division occurs, are cuboidal or columnar. As the newer cells grow, the older ones are pushed farther and farther outward, where they are flattened. It lines the oral cavity, esophagus, vagina, and anal canal.

Question 22

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 22

It lines the ducts of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas. It also forms the lining of developing ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules, which are parts of the female and male reproductive systems, respectively.
It consists of two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of a lumen. The layering of the cells provides more protection than the single layer affords.

Question 23

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 23

is found in part of the male urethra and lining the larger ducts of exocrine glands. The superficial cells are elongated, whereas the basal layers consist of cuboidal cells. It consists of several layers of cell.

Question 24

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 24

Expandable lining. It forms the inner lining of the urinary bladder and lines the ureters and the superior urethra. When the wall of one of these organs contracts, the tissue consists of several layers of irregular-shaped cells. When the organ is distended, the tissue stretches, and the cells elongate. It forms a barrier that helps prevent the contents of the urinary tract from diffusing back into the internal environment.