Chapter 5: Theories of Work Motivation

Question 1

What is Motivation?

Answer 1

The extent to which persistent effort is directed toward a goal

Question 2

Characteristics of Motivation

Answer 2

1. Effort –> How big is the effort depends on the job
2. Persistence
3. Direction –> Does the direction benefit the org.
4. Goals

Question 3

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 3

Intrinsic: comes from direct relationship between worker & job, applied by one self

• More related to Quantity of performance
• Beneficial for complex tasks
• Ex: Feelings of achievement, accomplishment, challenge, and competence

Question 4

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 4

Extrinsic: Comes from work environment, applied by someone else

• More related to QUALITY of performance
• Beneficial for simple tasks
  Ex : pay, benefit, company policies

Question 5

Motivation Purity Bias

Answer 5

job candidates who express satisfaction w/ extrinsic reward are perceived as less intrinsically motivated by decision makers

Question 6

Performance

Answer 6

The extent to which an employee contributes in achieving org. objectives

Question 7

2 Types of Intelligence

Answer 7

1) General cognitive ability
2) Emotional intelligence

Question 8

General cognitive ability

Answer 8

a person’s information-processing capacities

Question 9

Emotional intelligence

Answer 9

ability to understand & manager own & other person feelings

Question 10

4 branch model of Emotional Intelligence

Answer 10

i. Ability to perceiving emotion accurately in oneself & other

ii. Using emotion to facilitate thinking → use emotion to make decision & cognitive process

iii. Understanding emotion, emotional language, signals conveyed by emotions → understand emotional information, determinants & consequences, how emotions change & evolve over time

iv. Managing one’s own & other’s emotions

Question 11

Need Theories of Work Motivation

Answer 11

People will try to satisfy their needs –> Motivated –> Contributed to performance

Question 12

Theory of Needs

Answer 12

1) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
2) Alderfer’s ERG theory
3) McClelland’s theory of needs

Question 13

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 13

i. Deficiency needs
ii. Growth needs

Question 14

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs - Deficiency needs

Answer 14

1) Physiological needs (for the person to survive)

2) Safety needs (for security, stability, freedom from anxiety)

3) Belongingness / social needs (social interaction)

Question 15

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs - Growth needs

Answer 15

4) Esteem needs (adequacy, competence)

5) Self-actualization (Developing one’s true potential)

Question 16

Alderfer’s ERG theory

Answer 16

a. 3 categories of needs:
i. Existence needs (Satisfied by material)

ii. Relatednedss needs (satisfied by communication)

iii. Growth needs (fulfilled by personal involvement in work)

Question 17

McClelleand’s theory of needs

Answer 17

Focus on consequences of needs that result in motivation

Question 18

3 types of people in McClelland’s theory of needs

Answer 18

1) People high in need for achievement (n Ach)

2) People high in need for affiliation (n Aff) –> Strong desire to establish & maintain relationship

3) People high in need for power (n Pow) –> Desire influence for others

–> Needs are motivational when work setting permits the satisfaction of these needs

Question 19

5 core characteristics of job

Answer 19

1. Skill variety
2. Autonomy
3. Task significance
4. Task identity
5. Feedback

Question 20

Managerial Implications of Need Theories

Answer 20

1. Appreciate diversity –> Find out what each employee needs then offer a program that meets their needs
2. Appreciate intrinsic motivation