Chapter 5- The Skeletal System Flashcards
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the limbs and girdles.
Axial Skeleton
The bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body.
Compact Bone
Dense and looks smooth and homogenous
Spongy Bone
Composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of space.
Long bone
Longer than they are wide
Short bones
Cube shaped and contain spongy bone.
Flat bone
Thin, flattened, and usually curved.
Irregular bones
Bones that don’t fit into another category
Diaphysis
Shaft, composed of compact bone.
Periosteum
A fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers and protects the diaphysis.
Epiphyses
Ends of long bone
Articular Cartilage
Covers the external surface of epiphyses
Epiphyseal plate
Seen in a young, growing bone.
Yellow marrow
Storage area for adipose tissue.
Red marrow
Confined to cavities of spongy bone.
Skull
Formed by two bones, the cranium and facial bones.
Vertebral column
Extends from skull which it supports to the pelvis where it transmits weight of the body to the lower limbs
Intervertebral discs
Cushion the vertebrae and absorb shocks.
Body thorax
Forms a protective cone shaped cage of slender bones around organs
Shoulder Girdle
Consists of two bones, clavicle and a scapula
Pelvic Girdle
Called hip bone
Articulations
Hold bones together and give the skeleton mobility.
Synarthroses
Immovable joints
Amphiarthroses
Slightly moveable joints
Fibrous Joints
Bones united by fibrous tissues
Cartilaginous joints
Bone ends are connected by cartilage
Synovial joints
When articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid.
Diathroses
Freely movable joints
